docs: 补充 UX 集成模式与授权对接说明
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docs/工具箱端-授权对接指南/工具箱端-任务二维码解密指南.md
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# 工具箱端 - 任务二维码解密指南
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## 概述
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本文档说明工具箱端如何解密任务二维码数据。App 创建任务后，平台会生成加密的任务数据并返回给 App，App 将其生成二维码。工具箱扫描二维码后，需要使用自己的 `licence` 和 `fingerprint` 解密任务数据。
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> ### UX 集成模式补充（当前项目实现）
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>
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> 在当前集成模式中，工具箱扫描二维码后将密文提交给 UX 的 `crypto.decryptTask`，
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> 由 UX 使用设备绑定的 `licence + fingerprint` 执行 AES-256-GCM 解密并返回任务明文。
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## 一、业务流程
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```
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App创建任务 → 平台加密任务数据 → 返回加密数据 → App生成二维码
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↓
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工具箱扫描二维码 → 提取加密数据 → AES-256-GCM解密 → 获取任务信息
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```
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## 二、任务数据结构
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### 2.1 任务数据 JSON 格式
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解密后的任务数据为 JSON 格式，包含以下字段：
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```json
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{
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"taskId": "TASK-20260115-4875",
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"enterpriseId": "1173040813421105152",
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"orgName": "超艺科技有限公司",
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"inspectionId": "702286470691215417",
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"inspectionPerson": "警务通",
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"issuedAt": 1734571234567
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}
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```
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### 2.2 字段说明
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| 字段名 | 类型 | 说明 | 示例 |
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|--------|------|------|------|
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| `taskId` | String | 任务唯一ID（格式：TASK-YYYYMMDD-XXXX） | `"TASK-20260115-4875"` |
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| `enterpriseId` | String | 企业ID | `"1173040813421105152"` |
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| `orgName` | String | 单位名称 | `"超艺科技有限公司"` |
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| `inspectionId` | String | 检查ID | `"702286470691215417"` |
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| `inspectionPerson` | String | 检查人 | `"警务通"` |
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| `issuedAt` | Number | 任务发布时间戳（毫秒） | `1734571234567` |
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## 三、加密算法说明
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### 3.1 加密方式
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- **算法**：AES-256-GCM（Galois/Counter Mode）
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- **密钥长度**：256 位（32 字节）
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- **IV 长度**：12 字节（96 位）
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- **认证标签长度**：16 字节（128 位）
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### 3.2 密钥生成
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密钥由工具箱的 `licence` 和 `fingerprint` 生成：
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```
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密钥 = SHA-256(licence + fingerprint)
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```
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**重要说明**：
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- `licence` 和 `fingerprint` 直接字符串拼接（无分隔符）
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- 使用 SHA-256 哈希算法的全部 32 字节作为 AES-256 密钥
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- 工具箱必须使用与平台绑定时相同的 `licence` 和 `fingerprint`
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### 3.3 加密数据格式
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加密后的数据格式（Base64 编码前）：
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```
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[IV(12字节)] + [加密数据] + [认证标签(16字节)]
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```
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**数据布局**：
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```
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+------------------+------------------+------------------+
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| IV (12字节) | 加密数据 | 认证标签(16字节)|
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+------------------+------------------+------------------+
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```
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## 四、解密步骤
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### 4.1 解密流程
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1. **扫描二维码**：获取 Base64 编码的加密数据
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2. **Base64 解码**：将 Base64 字符串解码为字节数组
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3. **分离数据**：从字节数组中分离 IV、加密数据和认证标签
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4. **生成密钥**：使用 `licence + fingerprint` 生成 AES-256 密钥
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5. **解密数据**：使用 AES-256-GCM 解密（自动验证认证标签）
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6. **解析 JSON**：将解密后的字符串解析为 JSON 对象
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### 4.2 Python 实现示例
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```python
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import base64
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import json
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import hashlib
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from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead import AESGCM
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from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
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def decrypt_task_data(
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encrypted_data_base64: str,
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licence: str,
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fingerprint: str
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) -> dict:
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"""
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解密任务二维码数据
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Args:
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encrypted_data_base64: Base64编码的加密数据
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licence: 设备授权码
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fingerprint: 设备硬件指纹
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Returns:
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解密后的任务数据（字典）
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"""
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# 1. Base64 解码
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encrypted_bytes = base64.b64decode(encrypted_data_base64)
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# 2. 分离 IV 和加密数据（包含认证标签）
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if len(encrypted_bytes) < 12:
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raise ValueError("加密数据格式错误：数据长度不足")
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iv = encrypted_bytes[:12] # IV: 前12字节
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ciphertext_with_tag = encrypted_bytes[12:] # 加密数据 + 认证标签
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# 3. 生成密钥：SHA-256(licence + fingerprint)
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combined = licence + fingerprint
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key = hashlib.sha256(combined.encode('utf-8')).digest()
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# 4. 使用 AES-256-GCM 解密
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aesgcm = AESGCM(key)
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decrypted_bytes = aesgcm.decrypt(iv, ciphertext_with_tag, None)
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# 5. 解析 JSON
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decrypted_json = decrypted_bytes.decode('utf-8')
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task_data = json.loads(decrypted_json)
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return task_data
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# 使用示例
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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# 从二维码扫描获取的加密数据
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encrypted_data = "Base64编码的加密数据..."
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# 工具箱的授权信息（必须与平台绑定时一致）
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licence = "LIC-8F2A-XXXX"
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fingerprint = "FP-2c91e9f3"
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# 解密任务数据
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task_data = decrypt_task_data(encrypted_data, licence, fingerprint)
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print("任务ID:", task_data["taskId"])
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print("企业ID:", task_data["enterpriseId"])
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print("单位名称:", task_data["orgName"])
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print("检查ID:", task_data["inspectionId"])
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print("检查人:", task_data["inspectionPerson"])
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print("发布时间:", task_data["issuedAt"])
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```
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### 4.3 Java/Kotlin 实现示例
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```kotlin
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import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper
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import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets
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import java.security.MessageDigest
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import java.util.Base64
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import javax.crypto.Cipher
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import javax.crypto.spec.GCMParameterSpec
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import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec
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object TaskDecryptionUtil {
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private const val ALGORITHM = "AES"
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private const val TRANSFORMATION = "AES/GCM/NoPadding"
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private const val GCM_IV_LENGTH = 12 // GCM 推荐使用 12 字节 IV
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private const val GCM_TAG_LENGTH = 16 // GCM 认证标签长度（128位）
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private const val KEY_LENGTH = 32 // AES-256 密钥长度（256位 = 32字节）
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private val objectMapper = ObjectMapper()
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/**
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* 解密任务二维码数据
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*
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* @param encryptedDataBase64 Base64编码的加密数据
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* @param licence 设备授权码
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* @param fingerprint 设备硬件指纹
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* @return 解密后的任务数据（Map）
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*/
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fun decryptTaskData(
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encryptedDataBase64: String,
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licence: String,
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fingerprint: String
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): Map<String, Any> {
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// 1. Base64 解码
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val encryptedBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(encryptedDataBase64)
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// 2. 分离 IV 和加密数据（包含认证标签）
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if (encryptedBytes.size < GCM_IV_LENGTH) {
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throw IllegalArgumentException("加密数据格式错误：数据长度不足")
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}
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val iv = encryptedBytes.sliceArray(0 until GCM_IV_LENGTH)
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val ciphertextWithTag = encryptedBytes.sliceArray(GCM_IV_LENGTH until encryptedBytes.size)
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// 3. 生成密钥：SHA-256(licence + fingerprint)
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val combined = "$licence$fingerprint"
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val digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256")
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val keyBytes = digest.digest(combined.toByteArray(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
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val key = SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, ALGORITHM)
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// 4. 使用 AES-256-GCM 解密
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val cipher = Cipher.getInstance(TRANSFORMATION)
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val parameterSpec = GCMParameterSpec(GCM_TAG_LENGTH * 8, iv) // 标签长度以位为单位
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cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, parameterSpec)
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// 解密数据（GCM 会自动验证认证标签）
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val decryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(ciphertextWithTag)
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// 5. 解析 JSON
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val decryptedJson = String(decryptedBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
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@Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
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return objectMapper.readValue(decryptedJson, Map::class.java) as Map<String, Any>
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}
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}
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// 使用示例
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fun main() {
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// 从二维码扫描获取的加密数据
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val encryptedData = "Base64编码的加密数据..."
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// 工具箱的授权信息（必须与平台绑定时一致）
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val licence = "LIC-8F2A-XXXX"
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val fingerprint = "FP-2c91e9f3"
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// 解密任务数据
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val taskData = TaskDecryptionUtil.decryptTaskData(encryptedData, licence, fingerprint)
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println("任务ID: ${taskData["taskId"]}")
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println("企业ID: ${taskData["enterpriseId"]}")
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println("单位名称: ${taskData["orgName"]}")
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println("检查ID: ${taskData["inspectionId"]}")
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println("检查人: ${taskData["inspectionPerson"]}")
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println("发布时间: ${taskData["issuedAt"]}")
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}
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```
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### 4.4 C# 实现示例
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```csharp
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using System;
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using System.Security.Cryptography;
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using System.Text;
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using System.Text.Json;
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public class TaskDecryptionUtil
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{
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private const int GcmIvLength = 12; // GCM 推荐使用 12 字节 IV
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private const int GcmTagLength = 16; // GCM 认证标签长度（128位）
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/// <summary>
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/// 解密任务二维码数据
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/// </summary>
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public static Dictionary<string, object> DecryptTaskData(
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string encryptedDataBase64,
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string licence,
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string fingerprint
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)
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{
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// 1. Base64 解码
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byte[] encryptedBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(encryptedDataBase64);
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// 2. 分离 IV 和加密数据（包含认证标签）
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if (encryptedBytes.Length < GcmIvLength)
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{
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throw new ArgumentException("加密数据格式错误：数据长度不足");
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}
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byte[] iv = new byte[GcmIvLength];
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Array.Copy(encryptedBytes, 0, iv, 0, GcmIvLength);
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byte[] ciphertextWithTag = new byte[encryptedBytes.Length - GcmIvLength];
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Array.Copy(encryptedBytes, GcmIvLength, ciphertextWithTag, 0, ciphertextWithTag.Length);
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// 3. 生成密钥：SHA-256(licence + fingerprint)
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string combined = licence + fingerprint;
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byte[] keyBytes = SHA256.Create().ComputeHash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(combined));
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// 4. 使用 AES-256-GCM 解密
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using (AesGcm aesGcm = new AesGcm(keyBytes))
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{
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byte[] decryptedBytes = new byte[ciphertextWithTag.Length - GcmTagLength];
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byte[] tag = new byte[GcmTagLength];
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Array.Copy(ciphertextWithTag, ciphertextWithTag.Length - GcmTagLength, tag, 0, GcmTagLength);
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Array.Copy(ciphertextWithTag, 0, decryptedBytes, 0, decryptedBytes.Length);
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aesGcm.Decrypt(iv, decryptedBytes, tag, null, decryptedBytes);
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// 5. 解析 JSON
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string decryptedJson = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decryptedBytes);
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return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Dictionary<string, object>>(decryptedJson);
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}
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}
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}
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// 使用示例
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class Program
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{
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static void Main()
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{
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// 从二维码扫描获取的加密数据
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string encryptedData = "Base64编码的加密数据...";
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// 工具箱的授权信息（必须与平台绑定时一致）
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string licence = "LIC-8F2A-XXXX";
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string fingerprint = "FP-2c91e9f3";
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// 解密任务数据
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var taskData = TaskDecryptionUtil.DecryptTaskData(encryptedData, licence, fingerprint);
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Console.WriteLine($"任务ID: {taskData["taskId"]}");
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Console.WriteLine($"企业ID: {taskData["enterpriseId"]}");
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Console.WriteLine($"单位名称: {taskData["orgName"]}");
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Console.WriteLine($"检查ID: {taskData["inspectionId"]}");
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Console.WriteLine($"检查人: {taskData["inspectionPerson"]}");
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Console.WriteLine($"发布时间: {taskData["issuedAt"]}");
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}
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}
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```
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## 五、完整流程示例
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### 5.1 Python 完整示例（包含二维码扫描）
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```python
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import base64
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import json
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import hashlib
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from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead import AESGCM
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from pyzbar import pyzbar
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from PIL import Image
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class TaskQRCodeDecoder:
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"""任务二维码解码器"""
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def __init__(self, licence: str, fingerprint: str):
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"""
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初始化解码器
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Args:
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licence: 设备授权码
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fingerprint: 设备硬件指纹
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"""
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self.licence = licence
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self.fingerprint = fingerprint
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self._key = self._generate_key()
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def _generate_key(self) -> bytes:
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"""生成 AES-256 密钥"""
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combined = self.licence + self.fingerprint
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return hashlib.sha256(combined.encode('utf-8')).digest()
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def scan_qr_code(self, qr_image_path: str) -> dict:
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"""
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扫描二维码并解密任务数据
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Args:
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qr_image_path: 二维码图片路径
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Returns:
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解密后的任务数据（字典）
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"""
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# 1. 扫描二维码
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image = Image.open(qr_image_path)
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qr_codes = pyzbar.decode(image)
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if not qr_codes:
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raise ValueError("未找到二维码")
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# 获取二维码内容（Base64编码的加密数据）
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encrypted_data_base64 = qr_codes[0].data.decode('utf-8')
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print(f"扫描到二维码内容: {encrypted_data_base64[:50]}...")
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# 2. 解密任务数据
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return self.decrypt_task_data(encrypted_data_base64)
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def decrypt_task_data(self, encrypted_data_base64: str) -> dict:
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"""
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解密任务数据
|
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|
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Args:
|
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encrypted_data_base64: Base64编码的加密数据
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
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解密后的任务数据（字典）
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"""
|
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# 1. Base64 解码
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encrypted_bytes = base64.b64decode(encrypted_data_base64)
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|
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# 2. 分离 IV 和加密数据（包含认证标签）
|
||||
if len(encrypted_bytes) < 12:
|
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raise ValueError("加密数据格式错误：数据长度不足")
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||||
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iv = encrypted_bytes[:12] # IV: 前12字节
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ciphertext_with_tag = encrypted_bytes[12:] # 加密数据 + 认证标签
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# 3. 使用 AES-256-GCM 解密
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aesgcm = AESGCM(self._key)
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decrypted_bytes = aesgcm.decrypt(iv, ciphertext_with_tag, None)
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# 4. 解析 JSON
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decrypted_json = decrypted_bytes.decode('utf-8')
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task_data = json.loads(decrypted_json)
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return task_data
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||||
|
||||
# 使用示例
|
||||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
# 工具箱的授权信息（必须与平台绑定时一致）
|
||||
licence = "LIC-8F2A-XXXX"
|
||||
fingerprint = "FP-2c91e9f3"
|
||||
|
||||
# 创建解码器
|
||||
decoder = TaskQRCodeDecoder(licence, fingerprint)
|
||||
|
||||
# 扫描二维码并解密
|
||||
try:
|
||||
task_data = decoder.scan_qr_code("task_qr_code.png")
|
||||
|
||||
print("\n=== 任务信息 ===")
|
||||
print(f"任务ID: {task_data['taskId']}")
|
||||
print(f"企业ID: {task_data['enterpriseId']}")
|
||||
print(f"单位名称: {task_data['orgName']}")
|
||||
print(f"检查ID: {task_data['inspectionId']}")
|
||||
print(f"检查人: {task_data['inspectionPerson']}")
|
||||
print(f"发布时间: {task_data['issuedAt']}")
|
||||
|
||||
# 可以使用任务信息执行检查任务
|
||||
# execute_inspection_task(task_data)
|
||||
|
||||
except Exception as e:
|
||||
print(f"解密失败: {e}")
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.2 Java/Kotlin 完整示例（包含二维码扫描）
|
||||
|
||||
```kotlin
|
||||
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper
|
||||
import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap
|
||||
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader
|
||||
import com.google.zxing.Result
|
||||
import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.BufferedImageLuminanceSource
|
||||
import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer
|
||||
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage
|
||||
import java.io.File
|
||||
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets
|
||||
import java.security.MessageDigest
|
||||
import java.util.Base64
|
||||
import javax.crypto.Cipher
|
||||
import javax.crypto.spec.GCMParameterSpec
|
||||
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec
|
||||
import javax.imageio.ImageIO
|
||||
|
||||
class TaskQRCodeDecoder(
|
||||
private val licence: String,
|
||||
private val fingerprint: String
|
||||
) {
|
||||
|
||||
private val key: SecretKeySpec by lazy {
|
||||
val combined = "$licence$fingerprint"
|
||||
val digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256")
|
||||
val keyBytes = digest.digest(combined.toByteArray(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
|
||||
SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
private val objectMapper = ObjectMapper()
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* 扫描二维码并解密任务数据
|
||||
*/
|
||||
fun scanAndDecrypt(qrImagePath: String): Map<String, Any> {
|
||||
// 1. 扫描二维码
|
||||
val image: BufferedImage = ImageIO.read(File(qrImagePath))
|
||||
val source = BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image)
|
||||
val bitmap = BinaryBitmap(HybridBinarizer(source))
|
||||
val reader = MultiFormatReader()
|
||||
val result: Result = reader.decode(bitmap)
|
||||
|
||||
// 获取二维码内容（Base64编码的加密数据）
|
||||
val encryptedDataBase64 = result.text
|
||||
println("扫描到二维码内容: ${encryptedDataBase64.take(50)}...")
|
||||
|
||||
// 2. 解密任务数据
|
||||
return decryptTaskData(encryptedDataBase64)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* 解密任务数据
|
||||
*/
|
||||
fun decryptTaskData(encryptedDataBase64: String): Map<String, Any> {
|
||||
// 1. Base64 解码
|
||||
val encryptedBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(encryptedDataBase64)
|
||||
|
||||
// 2. 分离 IV 和加密数据（包含认证标签）
|
||||
if (encryptedBytes.size < 12) {
|
||||
throw IllegalArgumentException("加密数据格式错误：数据长度不足")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
val iv = encryptedBytes.sliceArray(0 until 12)
|
||||
val ciphertextWithTag = encryptedBytes.sliceArray(12 until encryptedBytes.size)
|
||||
|
||||
// 3. 使用 AES-256-GCM 解密
|
||||
val cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/GCM/NoPadding")
|
||||
val parameterSpec = GCMParameterSpec(16 * 8, iv) // 标签长度以位为单位
|
||||
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, parameterSpec)
|
||||
|
||||
// 解密数据（GCM 会自动验证认证标签）
|
||||
val decryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(ciphertextWithTag)
|
||||
|
||||
// 4. 解析 JSON
|
||||
val decryptedJson = String(decryptedBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
|
||||
@Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
|
||||
return objectMapper.readValue(decryptedJson, Map::class.java) as Map<String, Any>
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 使用示例
|
||||
fun main() {
|
||||
// 工具箱的授权信息（必须与平台绑定时一致）
|
||||
val licence = "LIC-8F2A-XXXX"
|
||||
val fingerprint = "FP-2c91e9f3"
|
||||
|
||||
// 创建解码器
|
||||
val decoder = TaskQRCodeDecoder(licence, fingerprint)
|
||||
|
||||
// 扫描二维码并解密
|
||||
try {
|
||||
val taskData = decoder.scanAndDecrypt("task_qr_code.png")
|
||||
|
||||
println("\n=== 任务信息 ===")
|
||||
println("任务ID: ${taskData["taskId"]}")
|
||||
println("企业ID: ${taskData["enterpriseId"]}")
|
||||
println("单位名称: ${taskData["orgName"]}")
|
||||
println("检查ID: ${taskData["inspectionId"]}")
|
||||
println("检查人: ${taskData["inspectionPerson"]}")
|
||||
println("发布时间: ${taskData["issuedAt"]}")
|
||||
|
||||
// 可以使用任务信息执行检查任务
|
||||
// executeInspectionTask(taskData)
|
||||
|
||||
} catch (e: Exception) {
|
||||
println("解密失败: ${e.message}")
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 六、常见错误和注意事项
|
||||
|
||||
### 6.1 解密失败
|
||||
|
||||
**可能原因**：
|
||||
1. **密钥不匹配**：`licence` 或 `fingerprint` 与平台绑定时不一致
|
||||
- 确保使用与设备授权时相同的 `licence` 和 `fingerprint`
|
||||
- 检查字符串拼接是否正确（无分隔符）
|
||||
|
||||
2. **数据格式错误**：Base64 编码或数据布局错误
|
||||
- 确保 Base64 解码正确
|
||||
- 确保 IV 长度正确（12 字节）
|
||||
|
||||
3. **认证标签验证失败**：数据被篡改或损坏
|
||||
- GCM 模式会自动验证认证标签
|
||||
- 如果验证失败，说明数据被篡改或密钥错误
|
||||
|
||||
4. **算法不匹配**：必须使用 `AES/GCM/NoPadding`
|
||||
- 确保使用正确的加密算法
|
||||
- 确保认证标签长度为 128 位（16 字节）
|
||||
|
||||
### 6.2 二维码扫描失败
|
||||
|
||||
**可能原因**：
|
||||
1. **二维码图片质量差**：确保图片清晰，有足够的对比度
|
||||
2. **二维码内容过长**：如果加密数据过长，可能需要更高版本的二维码
|
||||
3. **扫描库不支持**：确保使用支持 Base64 字符串的二维码扫描库
|
||||
|
||||
### 6.3 JSON 解析失败
|
||||
|
||||
**可能原因**：
|
||||
1. **字符编码错误**：确保使用 UTF-8 编码
|
||||
2. **JSON 格式错误**：确保解密后的字符串是有效的 JSON
|
||||
3. **字段缺失**：确保所有必需字段都存在
|
||||
|
||||
## 七、安全设计说明
|
||||
|
||||
### 7.1 为什么使用 AES-256-GCM
|
||||
|
||||
1. **认证加密（AEAD）**：GCM 模式提供加密和认证，防止数据被篡改
|
||||
2. **强安全性**：AES-256 提供 256 位密钥强度
|
||||
3. **自动验证**：GCM 模式会自动验证认证标签，任何篡改都会导致解密失败
|
||||
|
||||
### 7.2 为什么第三方无法解密
|
||||
|
||||
1. **密钥绑定**：只有拥有正确 `licence + fingerprint` 的工具箱才能生成正确的密钥
|
||||
2. **认证标签**：GCM 模式会验证认证标签，任何篡改都会导致解密失败
|
||||
3. **密钥唯一性**：每个设备的 `licence + fingerprint` 组合是唯一的
|
||||
|
||||
### 7.3 密钥生成的安全性
|
||||
|
||||
1. **SHA-256 哈希**：使用强哈希算法生成密钥
|
||||
2. **密钥长度**：使用全部 32 字节作为 AES-256 密钥
|
||||
3. **密钥隔离**：每个设备的密钥是独立的，互不影响
|
||||
|
||||
## 八、测试建议
|
||||
|
||||
1. **单元测试**：
|
||||
- 测试密钥生成是否正确
|
||||
- 测试解密功能是否正常
|
||||
- 测试 JSON 解析是否正确
|
||||
|
||||
2. **集成测试**：
|
||||
- 使用真实平台生成的二维码进行测试
|
||||
- 测试不同长度的任务数据
|
||||
- 测试错误的密钥是否会导致解密失败
|
||||
|
||||
3. **边界测试**：
|
||||
- 测试超长的任务数据
|
||||
- 测试特殊字符的处理
|
||||
- 测试错误的 Base64 格式
|
||||
|
||||
## 九、参考实现
|
||||
|
||||
- **Python**：`cryptography` 库（AES-GCM 加密）、`pyzbar` 库（二维码扫描）
|
||||
- **Java/Kotlin**：JDK `javax.crypto`（AES-GCM 加密）、ZXing 库（二维码扫描）
|
||||
- **C#**：`System.Security.Cryptography`（AES-GCM 加密）、ZXing.Net 库（二维码扫描）
|
||||
|
||||
## 十、联系支持
|
||||
|
||||
如有问题，请联系平台技术支持团队获取：
|
||||
- 测试环境地址
|
||||
- 技术支持
|
||||
|
||||
646
docs/工具箱端-授权对接指南/工具箱端-报告加密与签名生成指南.md
Normal file
646
docs/工具箱端-授权对接指南/工具箱端-报告加密与签名生成指南.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,646 @@
|
||||
# 工具箱端 - 报告加密与签名生成指南
|
||||
|
||||
## 概述
|
||||
|
||||
本文档说明工具箱端如何生成加密和签名的检查报告 ZIP 文件，以确保：
|
||||
1. **授权校验**：只有合法授权的工具箱才能生成有效的报告
|
||||
2. **防篡改校验**：确保报告内容在传输过程中未被篡改
|
||||
|
||||
> ### UX 集成模式补充（当前项目实现）
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 在当前集成模式中，工具箱可将原始报告 ZIP 直接上传到 UX 的 `crypto.signAndPackReport`：
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 1. UX 校验 ZIP 并提取必需文件；
|
||||
> 2. UX 生成 `deviceSignature`、`summary.json`、`META-INF/manifest.json`、`META-INF/signature.asc`；
|
||||
> 3. UX 重新打包并返回签名后的 ZIP（Base64），工具箱再用于离线介质回传平台。
|
||||
|
||||
## 一、ZIP 文件结构要求
|
||||
|
||||
工具箱生成的 ZIP 文件必须包含以下文件：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
report.zip
|
||||
├── summary.json # 摘要信息（必须包含授权和签名字段）
|
||||
├── assets.json # 资产信息（用于签名校验）
|
||||
├── vulnerabilities.json # 漏洞信息（用于签名校验）
|
||||
├── weakPasswords.json # 弱密码信息（用于签名校验）
|
||||
├── 漏洞评估报告.html # 漏洞评估报告（用于签名校验）
|
||||
└── META-INF/
|
||||
├── manifest.json # 文件清单（用于 OpenPGP 签名）
|
||||
└── signature.asc # OpenPGP 签名文件（防篡改）
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 二、授权校验 - 设备签名（device_signature）
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.1 目的
|
||||
|
||||
设备签名用于验证报告是由合法授权的工具箱生成的，防止第三方伪造扫描结果。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.2 密钥派生
|
||||
|
||||
使用 **HKDF-SHA256** 从设备的 `licence` 和 `fingerprint` 派生签名密钥：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
K = HKDF(
|
||||
input = licence + fingerprint, # 输入密钥材料（字符串拼接）
|
||||
salt = "AUTH_V3_SALT", # 固定盐值
|
||||
info = "device_report_signature", # 固定信息参数
|
||||
hash = SHA-256, # 哈希算法
|
||||
length = 32 # 输出密钥长度（32字节 = 256位）
|
||||
)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**伪代码示例**：
|
||||
```python
|
||||
import hkdf
|
||||
|
||||
# 输入密钥材料
|
||||
ikm = licence + fingerprint # 字符串直接拼接
|
||||
|
||||
# HKDF 参数
|
||||
salt = "AUTH_V3_SALT"
|
||||
info = "device_report_signature"
|
||||
key_length = 32 # 32字节 = 256位
|
||||
|
||||
# 派生密钥
|
||||
derived_key = hkdf.HKDF(
|
||||
algorithm=hashlib.sha256,
|
||||
length=key_length,
|
||||
salt=salt.encode('utf-8'),
|
||||
info=info.encode('utf-8'),
|
||||
ikm=ikm.encode('utf-8')
|
||||
).derive()
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.3 签名数据组装（严格顺序）
|
||||
|
||||
签名数据必须按照以下**严格顺序**组装：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sign_payload =
|
||||
taskId + # 任务ID（字符串）
|
||||
inspectionId + # 检查ID（数字转字符串）
|
||||
SHA256(assets.json) + # assets.json 的 SHA256（hex字符串，小写）
|
||||
SHA256(vulnerabilities.json) + # vulnerabilities.json 的 SHA256（hex字符串，小写）
|
||||
SHA256(weakPasswords.json) + # weakPasswords.json 的 SHA256（hex字符串，小写）
|
||||
SHA256(漏洞评估报告.html) # 漏洞评估报告.html 的 SHA256（hex字符串，小写）
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**重要说明**：
|
||||
- 所有字符串直接拼接，**不添加任何分隔符**
|
||||
- SHA256 哈希值必须是 **hex 字符串（小写）**，例如：`a1b2c3d4...`
|
||||
- 文件内容必须是**原始字节**，不能进行任何编码转换
|
||||
- 顺序必须严格一致，任何顺序错误都会导致签名验证失败
|
||||
|
||||
**伪代码示例**：
|
||||
```python
|
||||
import hashlib
|
||||
|
||||
# 1. 读取文件内容（原始字节）
|
||||
assets_content = read_file("assets.json")
|
||||
vulnerabilities_content = read_file("vulnerabilities.json")
|
||||
weak_passwords_content = read_file("weakPasswords.json")
|
||||
report_html_content = read_file("漏洞评估报告.html")
|
||||
|
||||
# 2. 计算 SHA256（hex字符串，小写）
|
||||
def sha256_hex(content: bytes) -> str:
|
||||
return hashlib.sha256(content).hexdigest()
|
||||
|
||||
assets_sha256 = sha256_hex(assets_content)
|
||||
vulnerabilities_sha256 = sha256_hex(vulnerabilities_content)
|
||||
weak_passwords_sha256 = sha256_hex(weak_passwords_content)
|
||||
report_html_sha256 = sha256_hex(report_html_content)
|
||||
|
||||
# 3. 组装签名数据（严格顺序，直接拼接）
|
||||
sign_payload = (
|
||||
str(task_id) +
|
||||
str(inspection_id) +
|
||||
assets_sha256 +
|
||||
vulnerabilities_sha256 +
|
||||
weak_passwords_sha256 +
|
||||
report_html_sha256
|
||||
)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.4 生成设备签名
|
||||
|
||||
使用 **HMAC-SHA256** 计算签名：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
device_signature = Base64(HMAC-SHA256(key=K, data=sign_payload))
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**伪代码示例**：
|
||||
```python
|
||||
import hmac
|
||||
import base64
|
||||
|
||||
# 使用派生密钥计算 HMAC-SHA256
|
||||
mac = hmac.new(
|
||||
key=derived_key, # 派生密钥（32字节）
|
||||
msg=sign_payload.encode('utf-8'), # 签名数据（UTF-8编码）
|
||||
digestmod=hashlib.sha256
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# 计算签名
|
||||
signature_bytes = mac.digest()
|
||||
|
||||
# Base64 编码
|
||||
device_signature = base64.b64encode(signature_bytes).decode('utf-8')
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.5 写入 summary.json
|
||||
|
||||
将 `device_signature` 写入 `summary.json`：
|
||||
|
||||
```json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"orgId": 1173040813421105152,
|
||||
"checkId": 702286470691215417,
|
||||
"taskId": "TASK-20260115-4875",
|
||||
"licence": "LIC-8F2A-XXXX",
|
||||
"fingerprint": "FP-2c91e9f3",
|
||||
"deviceSignature": "Base64编码的签名值",
|
||||
"summary": "检查摘要信息",
|
||||
...其他字段...
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**必需字段**：
|
||||
- `licence`：设备授权码（字符串）
|
||||
- `fingerprint`：设备硬件指纹（字符串）
|
||||
- `taskId`：任务ID（字符串）
|
||||
- `deviceSignature`：设备签名（Base64字符串）
|
||||
- `checkId` 或 `inspectionId`：检查ID（数字）
|
||||
|
||||
## 三、防篡改校验 - OpenPGP 签名
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.1 目的
|
||||
|
||||
OpenPGP 签名用于验证 ZIP 文件在传输过程中未被篡改，确保文件完整性。
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.2 生成 manifest.json
|
||||
|
||||
创建 `META-INF/manifest.json` 文件，包含所有文件的 SHA-256 哈希值：
|
||||
|
||||
```json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"files": {
|
||||
"summary.json": "a1b2c3d4e5f6...",
|
||||
"assets.json": "b2c3d4e5f6a1...",
|
||||
"vulnerabilities.json": "c3d4e5f6a1b2...",
|
||||
"weakPasswords.json": "d4e5f6a1b2c3...",
|
||||
"漏洞评估报告.html": "e5f6a1b2c3d4..."
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**伪代码示例**：
|
||||
```python
|
||||
import hashlib
|
||||
import json
|
||||
|
||||
def calculate_sha256_hex(content: bytes) -> str:
|
||||
return hashlib.sha256(content).hexdigest()
|
||||
|
||||
# 计算所有文件的 SHA256
|
||||
files_hashes = {
|
||||
"summary.json": calculate_sha256_hex(summary_content),
|
||||
"assets.json": calculate_sha256_hex(assets_content),
|
||||
"vulnerabilities.json": calculate_sha256_hex(vulnerabilities_content),
|
||||
"weakPasswords.json": calculate_sha256_hex(weak_passwords_content),
|
||||
"漏洞评估报告.html": calculate_sha256_hex(report_html_content)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# 生成 manifest.json
|
||||
manifest = {
|
||||
"files": files_hashes
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
manifest_json = json.dumps(manifest, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.3 生成 OpenPGP 签名
|
||||
|
||||
使用工具箱的**私钥**对 `manifest.json` 进行 OpenPGP 签名，生成 `META-INF/signature.asc`：
|
||||
|
||||
**伪代码示例（使用 Python gnupg）**：
|
||||
```python
|
||||
import gnupg
|
||||
|
||||
# 初始化 GPG
|
||||
gpg = gnupg.GPG()
|
||||
|
||||
# 导入私钥（或使用已配置的密钥）
|
||||
# gpg.import_keys(private_key_data)
|
||||
|
||||
# 对 manifest.json 进行签名
|
||||
with open('META-INF/manifest.json', 'rb') as f:
|
||||
signed_data = gpg.sign_file(
|
||||
f,
|
||||
detach=True, # 分离式签名
|
||||
clearsign=False, # 不使用明文签名
|
||||
output='META-INF/signature.asc'
|
||||
)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**伪代码示例（使用 BouncyCastle - Java/Kotlin）**：
|
||||
```kotlin
|
||||
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.*
|
||||
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.jcajce.JcaPGPContentSignerBuilder
|
||||
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.jcajce.JcaPGPPrivateKey
|
||||
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
|
||||
import java.io.FileOutputStream
|
||||
|
||||
fun generatePGPSignature(
|
||||
manifestContent: ByteArray,
|
||||
privateKey: PGPPrivateKey,
|
||||
publicKey: PGPPublicKey
|
||||
): ByteArray {
|
||||
val signatureGenerator = PGPSignatureGenerator(
|
||||
JcaPGPContentSignerBuilder(publicKey.algorithm, PGPUtil.SHA256)
|
||||
)
|
||||
signatureGenerator.init(PGPSignature.BINARY_DOCUMENT, privateKey)
|
||||
signatureGenerator.update(manifestContent)
|
||||
|
||||
val signature = signatureGenerator.generate()
|
||||
val signatureList = PGPSignatureList(signature)
|
||||
|
||||
val out = ByteArrayOutputStream()
|
||||
val pgpOut = PGPObjectFactory(PGPUtil.getEncoderStream(out))
|
||||
signatureList.encode(out)
|
||||
|
||||
return out.toByteArray()
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.4 打包 ZIP 文件
|
||||
|
||||
将所有文件打包成 ZIP 文件，确保包含：
|
||||
- 所有报告文件（summary.json、assets.json 等）
|
||||
- `META-INF/manifest.json`
|
||||
- `META-INF/signature.asc`
|
||||
|
||||
**伪代码示例**：
|
||||
```python
|
||||
import zipfile
|
||||
|
||||
def create_signed_zip(output_path: str):
|
||||
with zipfile.ZipFile(output_path, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zipf:
|
||||
# 添加报告文件
|
||||
zipf.write('summary.json', 'summary.json')
|
||||
zipf.write('assets.json', 'assets.json')
|
||||
zipf.write('vulnerabilities.json', 'vulnerabilities.json')
|
||||
zipf.write('weakPasswords.json', 'weakPasswords.json')
|
||||
zipf.write('漏洞评估报告.html', '漏洞评估报告.html')
|
||||
|
||||
# 添加签名文件
|
||||
zipf.write('META-INF/manifest.json', 'META-INF/manifest.json')
|
||||
zipf.write('META-INF/signature.asc', 'META-INF/signature.asc')
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 四、完整流程示例
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.1 Python 完整示例
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
import hashlib
|
||||
import hmac
|
||||
import base64
|
||||
import json
|
||||
import zipfile
|
||||
import hkdf
|
||||
import gnupg
|
||||
|
||||
def generate_report_zip(
|
||||
licence: str,
|
||||
fingerprint: str,
|
||||
task_id: str,
|
||||
inspection_id: int,
|
||||
output_path: str
|
||||
):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
生成带签名和加密的检查报告 ZIP 文件
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
# ========== 1. 读取报告文件 ==========
|
||||
assets_content = read_file("assets.json")
|
||||
vulnerabilities_content = read_file("vulnerabilities.json")
|
||||
weak_passwords_content = read_file("weakPasswords.json")
|
||||
report_html_content = read_file("漏洞评估报告.html")
|
||||
|
||||
# ========== 2. 生成设备签名 ==========
|
||||
|
||||
# 2.1 密钥派生
|
||||
ikm = licence + fingerprint
|
||||
salt = "AUTH_V3_SALT"
|
||||
info = "device_report_signature"
|
||||
key_length = 32
|
||||
|
||||
derived_key = hkdf.HKDF(
|
||||
algorithm=hashlib.sha256,
|
||||
length=key_length,
|
||||
salt=salt.encode('utf-8'),
|
||||
info=info.encode('utf-8'),
|
||||
ikm=ikm.encode('utf-8')
|
||||
).derive()
|
||||
|
||||
# 2.2 计算文件 SHA256
|
||||
def sha256_hex(content: bytes) -> str:
|
||||
return hashlib.sha256(content).hexdigest()
|
||||
|
||||
assets_sha256 = sha256_hex(assets_content)
|
||||
vulnerabilities_sha256 = sha256_hex(vulnerabilities_content)
|
||||
weak_passwords_sha256 = sha256_hex(weak_passwords_content)
|
||||
report_html_sha256 = sha256_hex(report_html_content)
|
||||
|
||||
# 2.3 组装签名数据（严格顺序）
|
||||
sign_payload = (
|
||||
str(task_id) +
|
||||
str(inspection_id) +
|
||||
assets_sha256 +
|
||||
vulnerabilities_sha256 +
|
||||
weak_passwords_sha256 +
|
||||
report_html_sha256
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# 2.4 计算 HMAC-SHA256
|
||||
mac = hmac.new(
|
||||
key=derived_key,
|
||||
msg=sign_payload.encode('utf-8'),
|
||||
digestmod=hashlib.sha256
|
||||
)
|
||||
device_signature = base64.b64encode(mac.digest()).decode('utf-8')
|
||||
|
||||
# 2.5 生成 summary.json
|
||||
summary = {
|
||||
"orgId": 1173040813421105152,
|
||||
"checkId": inspection_id,
|
||||
"taskId": task_id,
|
||||
"licence": licence,
|
||||
"fingerprint": fingerprint,
|
||||
"deviceSignature": device_signature,
|
||||
"summary": "检查摘要信息"
|
||||
}
|
||||
summary_content = json.dumps(summary, ensure_ascii=False).encode('utf-8')
|
||||
|
||||
# ========== 3. 生成 OpenPGP 签名 ==========
|
||||
|
||||
# 3.1 生成 manifest.json
|
||||
files_hashes = {
|
||||
"summary.json": sha256_hex(summary_content),
|
||||
"assets.json": assets_sha256,
|
||||
"vulnerabilities.json": vulnerabilities_sha256,
|
||||
"weakPasswords.json": weak_passwords_sha256,
|
||||
"漏洞评估报告.html": report_html_sha256
|
||||
}
|
||||
manifest = {"files": files_hashes}
|
||||
manifest_content = json.dumps(manifest, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2).encode('utf-8')
|
||||
|
||||
# 3.2 生成 OpenPGP 签名
|
||||
gpg = gnupg.GPG()
|
||||
with open('META-INF/manifest.json', 'wb') as f:
|
||||
f.write(manifest_content)
|
||||
|
||||
with open('META-INF/manifest.json', 'rb') as f:
|
||||
signed_data = gpg.sign_file(
|
||||
f,
|
||||
detach=True,
|
||||
output='META-INF/signature.asc'
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# ========== 4. 打包 ZIP 文件 ==========
|
||||
with zipfile.ZipFile(output_path, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zipf:
|
||||
zipf.writestr('summary.json', summary_content)
|
||||
zipf.writestr('assets.json', assets_content)
|
||||
zipf.writestr('vulnerabilities.json', vulnerabilities_content)
|
||||
zipf.writestr('weakPasswords.json', weak_passwords_content)
|
||||
zipf.writestr('漏洞评估报告.html', report_html_content)
|
||||
zipf.writestr('META-INF/manifest.json', manifest_content)
|
||||
zipf.write('META-INF/signature.asc', 'META-INF/signature.asc')
|
||||
|
||||
print(f"报告 ZIP 文件生成成功: {output_path}")
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.2 Java/Kotlin 完整示例
|
||||
|
||||
```kotlin
|
||||
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.digests.SHA256Digest
|
||||
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.generators.HKDFBytesGenerator
|
||||
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.params.HKDFParameters
|
||||
import java.security.MessageDigest
|
||||
import javax.crypto.Mac
|
||||
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec
|
||||
import java.util.Base64
|
||||
import java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream
|
||||
import java.io.FileOutputStream
|
||||
|
||||
fun generateReportZip(
|
||||
licence: String,
|
||||
fingerprint: String,
|
||||
taskId: String,
|
||||
inspectionId: Long,
|
||||
outputPath: String
|
||||
) {
|
||||
// ========== 1. 读取报告文件 ==========
|
||||
val assetsContent = readFile("assets.json")
|
||||
val vulnerabilitiesContent = readFile("vulnerabilities.json")
|
||||
val weakPasswordsContent = readFile("weakPasswords.json")
|
||||
val reportHtmlContent = readFile("漏洞评估报告.html")
|
||||
|
||||
// ========== 2. 生成设备签名 ==========
|
||||
|
||||
// 2.1 密钥派生
|
||||
val ikm = (licence + fingerprint).toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8)
|
||||
val salt = "AUTH_V3_SALT".toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8)
|
||||
val info = "device_report_signature".toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8)
|
||||
val keyLength = 32
|
||||
|
||||
val hkdf = HKDFBytesGenerator(SHA256Digest())
|
||||
hkdf.init(HKDFParameters(ikm, salt, info))
|
||||
val derivedKey = ByteArray(keyLength)
|
||||
hkdf.generateBytes(derivedKey, 0, keyLength)
|
||||
|
||||
// 2.2 计算文件 SHA256
|
||||
fun sha256Hex(content: ByteArray): String {
|
||||
val digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256")
|
||||
val hashBytes = digest.digest(content)
|
||||
return hashBytes.joinToString("") { "%02x".format(it) }
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
val assetsSha256 = sha256Hex(assetsContent)
|
||||
val vulnerabilitiesSha256 = sha256Hex(vulnerabilitiesContent)
|
||||
val weakPasswordsSha256 = sha256Hex(weakPasswordsContent)
|
||||
val reportHtmlSha256 = sha256Hex(reportHtmlContent)
|
||||
|
||||
// 2.3 组装签名数据（严格顺序）
|
||||
val signPayload = buildString {
|
||||
append(taskId)
|
||||
append(inspectionId)
|
||||
append(assetsSha256)
|
||||
append(vulnerabilitiesSha256)
|
||||
append(weakPasswordsSha256)
|
||||
append(reportHtmlSha256)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 2.4 计算 HMAC-SHA256
|
||||
val mac = Mac.getInstance("HmacSHA256")
|
||||
val secretKey = SecretKeySpec(derivedKey, "HmacSHA256")
|
||||
mac.init(secretKey)
|
||||
val signatureBytes = mac.doFinal(signPayload.toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8))
|
||||
val deviceSignature = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(signatureBytes)
|
||||
|
||||
// 2.5 生成 summary.json
|
||||
val summary = mapOf(
|
||||
"orgId" to 1173040813421105152L,
|
||||
"checkId" to inspectionId,
|
||||
"taskId" to taskId,
|
||||
"licence" to licence,
|
||||
"fingerprint" to fingerprint,
|
||||
"deviceSignature" to deviceSignature,
|
||||
"summary" to "检查摘要信息"
|
||||
)
|
||||
val summaryContent = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(summary).toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8)
|
||||
|
||||
// ========== 3. 生成 OpenPGP 签名 ==========
|
||||
|
||||
// 3.1 生成 manifest.json
|
||||
val filesHashes = mapOf(
|
||||
"summary.json" to sha256Hex(summaryContent),
|
||||
"assets.json" to assetsSha256,
|
||||
"vulnerabilities.json" to vulnerabilitiesSha256,
|
||||
"weakPasswords.json" to weakPasswordsSha256,
|
||||
"漏洞评估报告.html" to reportHtmlSha256
|
||||
)
|
||||
val manifest = mapOf("files" to filesHashes)
|
||||
val manifestContent = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(manifest).toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8)
|
||||
|
||||
// 3.2 生成 OpenPGP 签名（使用 BouncyCastle）
|
||||
val signatureAsc = generatePGPSignature(manifestContent, privateKey, publicKey)
|
||||
|
||||
// ========== 4. 打包 ZIP 文件 ==========
|
||||
ZipOutputStream(FileOutputStream(outputPath)).use { zipOut ->
|
||||
zipOut.putNextEntry(ZipEntry("summary.json"))
|
||||
zipOut.write(summaryContent)
|
||||
zipOut.closeEntry()
|
||||
|
||||
zipOut.putNextEntry(ZipEntry("assets.json"))
|
||||
zipOut.write(assetsContent)
|
||||
zipOut.closeEntry()
|
||||
|
||||
zipOut.putNextEntry(ZipEntry("vulnerabilities.json"))
|
||||
zipOut.write(vulnerabilitiesContent)
|
||||
zipOut.closeEntry()
|
||||
|
||||
zipOut.putNextEntry(ZipEntry("weakPasswords.json"))
|
||||
zipOut.write(weakPasswordsContent)
|
||||
zipOut.closeEntry()
|
||||
|
||||
zipOut.putNextEntry(ZipEntry("漏洞评估报告.html"))
|
||||
zipOut.write(reportHtmlContent)
|
||||
zipOut.closeEntry()
|
||||
|
||||
zipOut.putNextEntry(ZipEntry("META-INF/manifest.json"))
|
||||
zipOut.write(manifestContent)
|
||||
zipOut.closeEntry()
|
||||
|
||||
zipOut.putNextEntry(ZipEntry("META-INF/signature.asc"))
|
||||
zipOut.write(signatureAsc)
|
||||
zipOut.closeEntry()
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
println("报告 ZIP 文件生成成功: $outputPath")
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 五、平台端验证流程
|
||||
|
||||
平台端会按以下顺序验证：
|
||||
|
||||
1. **OpenPGP 签名验证**（防篡改）
|
||||
- 读取 `META-INF/manifest.json` 和 `META-INF/signature.asc`
|
||||
- 使用平台公钥验证签名
|
||||
- 验证所有文件的 SHA256 是否与 manifest.json 中的哈希值匹配
|
||||
|
||||
2. **设备签名验证**（授权）
|
||||
- 从 `summary.json` 提取 `licence`、`fingerprint`、`taskId`、`deviceSignature`
|
||||
- 验证 `licence + fingerprint` 是否已绑定
|
||||
- 验证 `taskId` 是否存在且属于该设备
|
||||
- 使用相同的 HKDF 派生密钥
|
||||
- 重新计算签名并与 `deviceSignature` 比较
|
||||
|
||||
## 六、常见错误和注意事项
|
||||
|
||||
### 6.1 设备签名验证失败
|
||||
|
||||
**可能原因**：
|
||||
1. **密钥派生错误**：确保使用正确的 `salt` 和 `info` 参数
|
||||
2. **签名数据顺序错误**：必须严格按照 `taskId + inspectionId + SHA256(...)` 的顺序
|
||||
3. **SHA256 格式错误**：必须是 hex 字符串（小写），不能包含分隔符
|
||||
4. **文件内容错误**：确保使用原始文件内容，不能进行编码转换
|
||||
5. **licence 或 fingerprint 不匹配**：确保与平台绑定的值一致
|
||||
|
||||
### 6.2 OpenPGP 签名验证失败
|
||||
|
||||
**可能原因**：
|
||||
1. **私钥不匹配**：确保使用与平台公钥对应的私钥
|
||||
2. **manifest.json 格式错误**：确保 JSON 格式正确
|
||||
3. **文件哈希值错误**：确保 manifest.json 中的哈希值与实际文件匹配
|
||||
|
||||
### 6.3 文件缺失
|
||||
|
||||
**必需文件**：
|
||||
- `summary.json`（必须包含授权字段）
|
||||
- `assets.json`
|
||||
- `vulnerabilities.json`
|
||||
- `weakPasswords.json`（文件名大小写不敏感）
|
||||
- `漏洞评估报告.html`（文件名包含"漏洞评估报告"且以".html"结尾）
|
||||
- `META-INF/manifest.json`
|
||||
- `META-INF/signature.asc`
|
||||
|
||||
## 七、安全设计说明
|
||||
|
||||
### 7.1 为什么第三方无法伪造
|
||||
|
||||
1. **设备签名**：
|
||||
- 只有拥有正确 `licence + fingerprint` 的设备才能派生正确的签名密钥
|
||||
- 即使第三方获取了某个设备的签名，也无法用于其他任务（`taskId` 绑定）
|
||||
- 即使第三方修改了报告内容，签名也会失效（多个文件的 SHA256 绑定）
|
||||
|
||||
2. **OpenPGP 签名**：
|
||||
- 只有拥有私钥的工具箱才能生成有效签名
|
||||
- 任何文件修改都会导致哈希值不匹配
|
||||
|
||||
### 7.2 密钥分离
|
||||
|
||||
使用 HKDF 的 `info` 参数区分不同用途的密钥：
|
||||
- `device_report_signature`：用于设备签名
|
||||
- 其他用途可以使用不同的 `info` 值，确保密钥隔离
|
||||
|
||||
## 八、测试建议
|
||||
|
||||
1. **单元测试**：
|
||||
- 测试密钥派生是否正确
|
||||
- 测试签名生成和验证是否匹配
|
||||
- 测试文件 SHA256 计算是否正确
|
||||
|
||||
2. **集成测试**：
|
||||
- 使用真实数据生成 ZIP 文件
|
||||
- 上传到平台验证是否通过
|
||||
- 测试篡改文件后验证是否失败
|
||||
|
||||
3. **边界测试**：
|
||||
- 测试文件缺失的情况
|
||||
- 测试签名数据顺序错误的情况
|
||||
- 测试错误的 `licence` 或 `fingerprint` 的情况
|
||||
|
||||
## 九、参考实现
|
||||
|
||||
- **HKDF 实现**：BouncyCastle（Java/Kotlin）、`hkdf` 库（Python）
|
||||
- **HMAC-SHA256**：Java `javax.crypto.Mac`、Python `hmac`
|
||||
- **OpenPGP**：BouncyCastle（Java/Kotlin）、`gnupg` 库（Python）
|
||||
|
||||
## 十、联系支持
|
||||
|
||||
如有问题，请联系平台技术支持团队。
|
||||
|
||||
756
docs/工具箱端-授权对接指南/工具箱端-摘要信息二维码生成指南.md
Normal file
756
docs/工具箱端-授权对接指南/工具箱端-摘要信息二维码生成指南.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,756 @@
|
||||
# 工具箱端 - 摘要信息二维码生成指南
|
||||
|
||||
## 概述
|
||||
|
||||
本文档说明工具箱端如何生成摘要信息二维码。工具箱完成检查任务后，需要将摘要信息加密并生成二维码，供 App 扫描后上传到平台。
|
||||
|
||||
> ### UX 集成模式补充（当前项目实现）
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 在当前集成模式中，工具箱将摘要明文传给 UX 的 `crypto.encryptSummary`，
|
||||
> 由 UX 执行 HKDF + AES-256-GCM 加密并返回二维码内容 JSON（`taskId + encrypted`）。
|
||||
|
||||
## 一、业务流程
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
工具箱完成检查 → 准备摘要信息 → HKDF派生密钥 → AES-256-GCM加密 → 组装二维码内容 → 生成二维码
|
||||
↓
|
||||
App扫描二维码 → 提取taskId和encrypted → 提交到平台 → 平台解密验证 → 保存摘要信息
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 二、二维码内容格式
|
||||
|
||||
二维码内容为 JSON 格式，包含以下字段：
|
||||
|
||||
```json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"taskId": "TASK-20260115-4875",
|
||||
"encrypted": "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"
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.1 字段说明
|
||||
|
||||
| 字段名 | 类型 | 说明 | 示例 |
|
||||
|--------|------|------|------|
|
||||
| `taskId` | String | 任务ID（从任务二维码中获取） | `"TASK-20260115-4875"` |
|
||||
| `encrypted` | String | Base64编码的加密数据 | `"uWUcAmp6UQd0w3G3..."` |
|
||||
|
||||
## 三、摘要信息数据结构
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.1 明文数据 JSON 格式
|
||||
|
||||
加密前的摘要信息为 JSON 格式，包含以下字段：
|
||||
|
||||
```json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"enterpriseId": "1173040813421105152",
|
||||
"inspectionId": "702286470691215417",
|
||||
"summary": "检查摘要信息",
|
||||
"timestamp": 1734571234567
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.2 字段说明
|
||||
|
||||
| 字段名 | 类型 | 说明 | 示例 |
|
||||
|--------|------|------|------|
|
||||
| `enterpriseId` | String | 企业ID（从任务数据中获取） | `"1173040813421105152"` |
|
||||
| `inspectionId` | String | 检查ID（从任务数据中获取） | `"702286470691215417"` |
|
||||
| `summary` | String | 检查摘要信息 | `"检查摘要信息"` |
|
||||
| `timestamp` | Number | 时间戳（毫秒） | `1734571234567` |
|
||||
|
||||
## 四、密钥派生（HKDF-SHA256）
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.1 密钥派生参数
|
||||
|
||||
使用 **HKDF-SHA256** 从 `licence + fingerprint` 派生 AES 密钥：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
AES Key = HKDF(
|
||||
input = licence + fingerprint, # 输入密钥材料（字符串拼接）
|
||||
salt = taskId, # Salt值（任务ID）
|
||||
info = "inspection_report_encryption", # Info值（固定值）
|
||||
hash = SHA-256, # 哈希算法
|
||||
length = 32 # 输出密钥长度（32字节 = 256位）
|
||||
)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**重要说明**：
|
||||
- `ikm`（输入密钥材料）= `licence + fingerprint`（直接字符串拼接，无分隔符）
|
||||
- `salt` = `taskId`（从任务二维码中获取的任务ID）
|
||||
- `info` = `"inspection_report_encryption"`（固定值，区分不同用途的密钥）
|
||||
- `length` = `32` 字节（AES-256 密钥长度）
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.2 Python 实现示例
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
import hashlib
|
||||
import hkdf
|
||||
|
||||
def derive_aes_key(licence: str, fingerprint: str, task_id: str) -> bytes:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
使用 HKDF-SHA256 派生 AES-256 密钥
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
licence: 设备授权码
|
||||
fingerprint: 设备硬件指纹
|
||||
task_id: 任务ID
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
派生出的密钥（32字节）
|
||||
"""
|
||||
# 输入密钥材料
|
||||
ikm = licence + fingerprint # 直接字符串拼接
|
||||
|
||||
# HKDF 参数
|
||||
salt = task_id
|
||||
info = "inspection_report_encryption"
|
||||
key_length = 32 # 32字节 = 256位
|
||||
|
||||
# 派生密钥
|
||||
derived_key = hkdf.HKDF(
|
||||
algorithm=hashlib.sha256,
|
||||
length=key_length,
|
||||
salt=salt.encode('utf-8'),
|
||||
info=info.encode('utf-8'),
|
||||
ikm=ikm.encode('utf-8')
|
||||
).derive()
|
||||
|
||||
return derived_key
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.3 Java/Kotlin 实现示例
|
||||
|
||||
```kotlin
|
||||
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.digests.SHA256Digest
|
||||
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.generators.HKDFBytesGenerator
|
||||
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.params.HKDFParameters
|
||||
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets
|
||||
|
||||
fun deriveAesKey(licence: String, fingerprint: String, taskId: String): ByteArray {
|
||||
// 输入密钥材料
|
||||
val ikm = (licence + fingerprint).toByteArray(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
|
||||
|
||||
// HKDF 参数
|
||||
val salt = taskId.toByteArray(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
|
||||
val info = "inspection_report_encryption".toByteArray(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
|
||||
val keyLength = 32 // 32字节 = 256位
|
||||
|
||||
// 派生密钥
|
||||
val hkdf = HKDFBytesGenerator(SHA256Digest())
|
||||
val params = HKDFParameters(ikm, salt, info)
|
||||
hkdf.init(params)
|
||||
|
||||
val derivedKey = ByteArray(keyLength)
|
||||
hkdf.generateBytes(derivedKey, 0, keyLength)
|
||||
|
||||
return derivedKey
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 五、AES-256-GCM 加密
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.1 加密算法
|
||||
|
||||
- **算法**：AES-256-GCM（Galois/Counter Mode）
|
||||
- **密钥长度**：256 位（32 字节）
|
||||
- **IV 长度**：12 字节（96 位）
|
||||
- **认证标签长度**：16 字节（128 位）
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.2 加密数据格式
|
||||
|
||||
加密后的数据格式（Base64 编码前）：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[IV(12字节)] + [加密数据] + [认证标签(16字节)]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**数据布局**：
|
||||
```
|
||||
+------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| IV (12字节) | 加密数据 | 认证标签(16字节)|
|
||||
+------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.3 Python 实现示例
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
import base64
|
||||
import hashlib
|
||||
import hkdf
|
||||
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead import AESGCM
|
||||
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
|
||||
import json
|
||||
import time
|
||||
|
||||
def encrypt_summary_data(
|
||||
enterprise_id: str,
|
||||
inspection_id: str,
|
||||
summary: str,
|
||||
licence: str,
|
||||
fingerprint: str,
|
||||
task_id: str
|
||||
) -> str:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
加密摘要信息数据
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
enterprise_id: 企业ID
|
||||
inspection_id: 检查ID
|
||||
summary: 摘要信息
|
||||
licence: 设备授权码
|
||||
fingerprint: 设备硬件指纹
|
||||
task_id: 任务ID
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
Base64编码的加密数据
|
||||
"""
|
||||
# 1. 组装明文数据（JSON格式）
|
||||
timestamp = int(time.time() * 1000) # 毫秒时间戳
|
||||
plaintext_map = {
|
||||
"enterpriseId": str(enterprise_id),
|
||||
"inspectionId": str(inspection_id),
|
||||
"summary": summary,
|
||||
"timestamp": timestamp
|
||||
}
|
||||
plaintext = json.dumps(plaintext_map, ensure_ascii=False)
|
||||
|
||||
# 2. 使用 HKDF-SHA256 派生 AES 密钥
|
||||
ikm = licence + fingerprint
|
||||
salt = task_id
|
||||
info = "inspection_report_encryption"
|
||||
key_length = 32
|
||||
|
||||
aes_key = hkdf.HKDF(
|
||||
algorithm=hashlib.sha256,
|
||||
length=key_length,
|
||||
salt=salt.encode('utf-8'),
|
||||
info=info.encode('utf-8'),
|
||||
ikm=ikm.encode('utf-8')
|
||||
).derive()
|
||||
|
||||
# 3. 使用 AES-256-GCM 加密数据
|
||||
aesgcm = AESGCM(aes_key)
|
||||
iv = os.urandom(12) # 生成12字节随机IV
|
||||
encrypted_bytes = aesgcm.encrypt(iv, plaintext.encode('utf-8'), None)
|
||||
|
||||
# 4. 组装：IV + 加密数据（包含认证标签）
|
||||
# AESGCM.encrypt 返回的格式已经是：加密数据 + 认证标签
|
||||
combined = iv + encrypted_bytes
|
||||
|
||||
# 5. Base64 编码
|
||||
encrypted_base64 = base64.b64encode(combined).decode('utf-8')
|
||||
|
||||
return encrypted_base64
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.4 Java/Kotlin 实现示例
|
||||
|
||||
```kotlin
|
||||
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper
|
||||
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.digests.SHA256Digest
|
||||
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.generators.HKDFBytesGenerator
|
||||
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.params.HKDFParameters
|
||||
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets
|
||||
import java.security.SecureRandom
|
||||
import java.util.Base64
|
||||
import javax.crypto.Cipher
|
||||
import javax.crypto.spec.GCMParameterSpec
|
||||
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec
|
||||
|
||||
object SummaryEncryptionUtil {
|
||||
|
||||
private const val ALGORITHM = "AES"
|
||||
private const val TRANSFORMATION = "AES/GCM/NoPadding"
|
||||
private const val GCM_IV_LENGTH = 12 // 12 bytes = 96 bits
|
||||
private const val GCM_TAG_LENGTH = 16 // 16 bytes = 128 bits
|
||||
private const val GCM_TAG_LENGTH_BITS = GCM_TAG_LENGTH * 8 // 128 bits
|
||||
|
||||
private val objectMapper = ObjectMapper()
|
||||
private val secureRandom = SecureRandom()
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* 加密摘要信息数据
|
||||
*/
|
||||
fun encryptSummaryData(
|
||||
enterpriseId: String,
|
||||
inspectionId: String,
|
||||
summary: String,
|
||||
licence: String,
|
||||
fingerprint: String,
|
||||
taskId: String
|
||||
): String {
|
||||
// 1. 组装明文数据（JSON格式）
|
||||
val timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis()
|
||||
val plaintextMap = mapOf(
|
||||
"enterpriseId" to enterpriseId,
|
||||
"inspectionId" to inspectionId,
|
||||
"summary" to summary,
|
||||
"timestamp" to timestamp
|
||||
)
|
||||
val plaintext = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(plaintextMap)
|
||||
|
||||
// 2. 使用 HKDF-SHA256 派生 AES 密钥
|
||||
val ikm = (licence + fingerprint).toByteArray(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
|
||||
val salt = taskId.toByteArray(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
|
||||
val info = "inspection_report_encryption".toByteArray(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
|
||||
val keyLength = 32
|
||||
|
||||
val hkdf = HKDFBytesGenerator(SHA256Digest())
|
||||
val params = HKDFParameters(ikm, salt, info)
|
||||
hkdf.init(params)
|
||||
|
||||
val aesKey = ByteArray(keyLength)
|
||||
hkdf.generateBytes(aesKey, 0, keyLength)
|
||||
|
||||
// 3. 使用 AES-256-GCM 加密数据
|
||||
val iv = ByteArray(GCM_IV_LENGTH)
|
||||
secureRandom.nextBytes(iv)
|
||||
|
||||
val secretKey = SecretKeySpec(aesKey, ALGORITHM)
|
||||
val gcmSpec = GCMParameterSpec(GCM_TAG_LENGTH_BITS, iv)
|
||||
|
||||
val cipher = Cipher.getInstance(TRANSFORMATION)
|
||||
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey, gcmSpec)
|
||||
|
||||
val plaintextBytes = plaintext.toByteArray(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
|
||||
val encryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(plaintextBytes)
|
||||
|
||||
// 4. 组装：IV + 加密数据（包含认证标签）
|
||||
// GCM 模式会将认证标签附加到密文末尾
|
||||
val ciphertext = encryptedBytes.sliceArray(0 until encryptedBytes.size - GCM_TAG_LENGTH)
|
||||
val tag = encryptedBytes.sliceArray(encryptedBytes.size - GCM_TAG_LENGTH until encryptedBytes.size)
|
||||
|
||||
val combined = iv + ciphertext + tag
|
||||
|
||||
// 5. Base64 编码
|
||||
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(combined)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 六、组装二维码内容
|
||||
|
||||
### 6.1 二维码内容 JSON
|
||||
|
||||
将 `taskId` 和加密后的 `encrypted` 组装成 JSON 格式：
|
||||
|
||||
```json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"taskId": "TASK-20260115-4875",
|
||||
"encrypted": "Base64编码的加密数据"
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 6.2 Python 实现示例
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
import json
|
||||
|
||||
def generate_qr_code_content(task_id: str, encrypted: str) -> str:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
生成二维码内容（JSON格式）
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
task_id: 任务ID
|
||||
encrypted: Base64编码的加密数据
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
JSON格式的字符串
|
||||
"""
|
||||
qr_content = {
|
||||
"taskId": task_id,
|
||||
"encrypted": encrypted
|
||||
}
|
||||
return json.dumps(qr_content, ensure_ascii=False)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 七、完整流程示例
|
||||
|
||||
### 7.1 Python 完整示例
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
import base64
|
||||
import json
|
||||
import time
|
||||
import hashlib
|
||||
import hkdf
|
||||
import qrcode
|
||||
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead import AESGCM
|
||||
import os
|
||||
|
||||
class SummaryQRCodeGenerator:
|
||||
"""摘要信息二维码生成器"""
|
||||
|
||||
def __init__(self, licence: str, fingerprint: str):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
初始化生成器
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
licence: 设备授权码
|
||||
fingerprint: 设备硬件指纹
|
||||
"""
|
||||
self.licence = licence
|
||||
self.fingerprint = fingerprint
|
||||
|
||||
def generate_summary_qr_code(
|
||||
self,
|
||||
task_id: str,
|
||||
enterprise_id: str,
|
||||
inspection_id: str,
|
||||
summary: str,
|
||||
output_path: str = "summary_qr.png"
|
||||
) -> str:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
生成摘要信息二维码
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
task_id: 任务ID（从任务二维码中获取）
|
||||
enterprise_id: 企业ID（从任务数据中获取）
|
||||
inspection_id: 检查ID（从任务数据中获取）
|
||||
summary: 摘要信息
|
||||
output_path: 二维码图片保存路径
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
二维码内容（JSON字符串）
|
||||
"""
|
||||
# 1. 组装明文数据（JSON格式）
|
||||
timestamp = int(time.time() * 1000) # 毫秒时间戳
|
||||
plaintext_map = {
|
||||
"enterpriseId": str(enterprise_id),
|
||||
"inspectionId": str(inspection_id),
|
||||
"summary": summary,
|
||||
"timestamp": timestamp
|
||||
}
|
||||
plaintext = json.dumps(plaintext_map, ensure_ascii=False)
|
||||
print(f"明文数据: {plaintext}")
|
||||
|
||||
# 2. 使用 HKDF-SHA256 派生 AES 密钥
|
||||
ikm = self.licence + self.fingerprint
|
||||
salt = task_id
|
||||
info = "inspection_report_encryption"
|
||||
key_length = 32
|
||||
|
||||
aes_key = hkdf.HKDF(
|
||||
algorithm=hashlib.sha256,
|
||||
length=key_length,
|
||||
salt=salt.encode('utf-8'),
|
||||
info=info.encode('utf-8'),
|
||||
ikm=ikm.encode('utf-8')
|
||||
).derive()
|
||||
print(f"密钥派生成功: {len(aes_key)} 字节")
|
||||
|
||||
# 3. 使用 AES-256-GCM 加密数据
|
||||
aesgcm = AESGCM(aes_key)
|
||||
iv = os.urandom(12) # 生成12字节随机IV
|
||||
encrypted_bytes = aesgcm.encrypt(iv, plaintext.encode('utf-8'), None)
|
||||
|
||||
# 组装：IV + 加密数据（包含认证标签）
|
||||
combined = iv + encrypted_bytes
|
||||
|
||||
# Base64 编码
|
||||
encrypted_base64 = base64.b64encode(combined).decode('utf-8')
|
||||
print(f"加密成功: {encrypted_base64[:50]}...")
|
||||
|
||||
# 4. 组装二维码内容（JSON格式）
|
||||
qr_content = {
|
||||
"taskId": task_id,
|
||||
"encrypted": encrypted_base64
|
||||
}
|
||||
qr_content_json = json.dumps(qr_content, ensure_ascii=False)
|
||||
print(f"二维码内容: {qr_content_json[:100]}...")
|
||||
|
||||
# 5. 生成二维码
|
||||
qr = qrcode.QRCode(
|
||||
version=1,
|
||||
error_correction=qrcode.constants.ERROR_CORRECT_M,
|
||||
box_size=10,
|
||||
border=4,
|
||||
)
|
||||
qr.add_data(qr_content_json)
|
||||
qr.make(fit=True)
|
||||
|
||||
img = qr.make_image(fill_color="black", back_color="white")
|
||||
img.save(output_path)
|
||||
print(f"二维码已生成: {output_path}")
|
||||
|
||||
return qr_content_json
|
||||
|
||||
# 使用示例
|
||||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
# 工具箱的授权信息（必须与平台绑定时一致）
|
||||
licence = "LIC-8F2A-XXXX"
|
||||
fingerprint = "FP-2c91e9f3"
|
||||
|
||||
# 创建生成器
|
||||
generator = SummaryQRCodeGenerator(licence, fingerprint)
|
||||
|
||||
# 从任务二维码中获取的信息
|
||||
task_id = "TASK-20260115-4875"
|
||||
enterprise_id = "1173040813421105152"
|
||||
inspection_id = "702286470691215417"
|
||||
summary = "检查摘要信息：发现3个高危漏洞，5个中危漏洞"
|
||||
|
||||
# 生成二维码
|
||||
qr_content = generator.generate_summary_qr_code(
|
||||
task_id=task_id,
|
||||
enterprise_id=enterprise_id,
|
||||
inspection_id=inspection_id,
|
||||
summary=summary,
|
||||
output_path="summary_qr_code.png"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
print(f"\n二维码内容:\n{qr_content}")
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 7.2 Java/Kotlin 完整示例
|
||||
|
||||
```kotlin
|
||||
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper
|
||||
import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat
|
||||
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType
|
||||
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.QRCodeWriter
|
||||
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel
|
||||
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.digests.SHA256Digest
|
||||
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.generators.HKDFBytesGenerator
|
||||
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.params.HKDFParameters
|
||||
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage
|
||||
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets
|
||||
import java.security.SecureRandom
|
||||
import java.util.Base64
|
||||
import javax.crypto.Cipher
|
||||
import javax.crypto.spec.GCMParameterSpec
|
||||
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec
|
||||
import javax.imageio.ImageIO
|
||||
import java.io.File
|
||||
|
||||
class SummaryQRCodeGenerator(
|
||||
private val licence: String,
|
||||
private val fingerprint: String
|
||||
) {
|
||||
|
||||
private const val ALGORITHM = "AES"
|
||||
private const val TRANSFORMATION = "AES/GCM/NoPadding"
|
||||
private const val GCM_IV_LENGTH = 12
|
||||
private const val GCM_TAG_LENGTH = 16
|
||||
private const val GCM_TAG_LENGTH_BITS = GCM_TAG_LENGTH * 8
|
||||
|
||||
private val objectMapper = ObjectMapper()
|
||||
private val secureRandom = SecureRandom()
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* 生成摘要信息二维码
|
||||
*/
|
||||
fun generateSummaryQRCode(
|
||||
taskId: String,
|
||||
enterpriseId: String,
|
||||
inspectionId: String,
|
||||
summary: String,
|
||||
outputPath: String = "summary_qr.png"
|
||||
): String {
|
||||
// 1. 组装明文数据（JSON格式）
|
||||
val timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis()
|
||||
val plaintextMap = mapOf(
|
||||
"enterpriseId" to enterpriseId,
|
||||
"inspectionId" to inspectionId,
|
||||
"summary" to summary,
|
||||
"timestamp" to timestamp
|
||||
)
|
||||
val plaintext = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(plaintextMap)
|
||||
println("明文数据: $plaintext")
|
||||
|
||||
// 2. 使用 HKDF-SHA256 派生 AES 密钥
|
||||
val ikm = (licence + fingerprint).toByteArray(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
|
||||
val salt = taskId.toByteArray(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
|
||||
val info = "inspection_report_encryption".toByteArray(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
|
||||
val keyLength = 32
|
||||
|
||||
val hkdf = HKDFBytesGenerator(SHA256Digest())
|
||||
val params = HKDFParameters(ikm, salt, info)
|
||||
hkdf.init(params)
|
||||
|
||||
val aesKey = ByteArray(keyLength)
|
||||
hkdf.generateBytes(aesKey, 0, keyLength)
|
||||
println("密钥派生成功: ${aesKey.size} 字节")
|
||||
|
||||
// 3. 使用 AES-256-GCM 加密数据
|
||||
val iv = ByteArray(GCM_IV_LENGTH)
|
||||
secureRandom.nextBytes(iv)
|
||||
|
||||
val secretKey = SecretKeySpec(aesKey, ALGORITHM)
|
||||
val gcmSpec = GCMParameterSpec(GCM_TAG_LENGTH_BITS, iv)
|
||||
|
||||
val cipher = Cipher.getInstance(TRANSFORMATION)
|
||||
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey, gcmSpec)
|
||||
|
||||
val plaintextBytes = plaintext.toByteArray(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
|
||||
val encryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(plaintextBytes)
|
||||
|
||||
// 组装：IV + 加密数据（包含认证标签）
|
||||
val ciphertext = encryptedBytes.sliceArray(0 until encryptedBytes.size - GCM_TAG_LENGTH)
|
||||
val tag = encryptedBytes.sliceArray(encryptedBytes.size - GCM_TAG_LENGTH until encryptedBytes.size)
|
||||
|
||||
val combined = iv + ciphertext + tag
|
||||
|
||||
// Base64 编码
|
||||
val encryptedBase64 = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(combined)
|
||||
println("加密成功: ${encryptedBase64.take(50)}...")
|
||||
|
||||
// 4. 组装二维码内容（JSON格式）
|
||||
val qrContent = mapOf(
|
||||
"taskId" to taskId,
|
||||
"encrypted" to encryptedBase64
|
||||
)
|
||||
val qrContentJson = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(qrContent)
|
||||
println("二维码内容: ${qrContentJson.take(100)}...")
|
||||
|
||||
// 5. 生成二维码
|
||||
val hints = hashMapOf<EncodeHintType, Any>().apply {
|
||||
put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.M)
|
||||
put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8")
|
||||
put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
val writer = QRCodeWriter()
|
||||
val bitMatrix = writer.encode(qrContentJson, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, 300, 300, hints)
|
||||
|
||||
val width = bitMatrix.width
|
||||
val height = bitMatrix.height
|
||||
val image = BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB)
|
||||
|
||||
for (x in 0 until width) {
|
||||
for (y in 0 until height) {
|
||||
image.setRGB(x, y, if (bitMatrix[x, y]) 0x000000 else 0xFFFFFF)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
ImageIO.write(image, "PNG", File(outputPath))
|
||||
println("二维码已生成: $outputPath")
|
||||
|
||||
return qrContentJson
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 使用示例
|
||||
fun main() {
|
||||
// 工具箱的授权信息（必须与平台绑定时一致）
|
||||
val licence = "LIC-8F2A-XXXX"
|
||||
val fingerprint = "FP-2c91e9f3"
|
||||
|
||||
// 创建生成器
|
||||
val generator = SummaryQRCodeGenerator(licence, fingerprint)
|
||||
|
||||
// 从任务二维码中获取的信息
|
||||
val taskId = "TASK-20260115-4875"
|
||||
val enterpriseId = "1173040813421105152"
|
||||
val inspectionId = "702286470691215417"
|
||||
val summary = "检查摘要信息：发现3个高危漏洞，5个中危漏洞"
|
||||
|
||||
// 生成二维码
|
||||
val qrContent = generator.generateSummaryQRCode(
|
||||
taskId = taskId,
|
||||
enterpriseId = enterpriseId,
|
||||
inspectionId = inspectionId,
|
||||
summary = summary,
|
||||
outputPath = "summary_qr_code.png"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
println("\n二维码内容:\n$qrContent")
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 八、平台端验证流程
|
||||
|
||||
平台端会按以下流程验证：
|
||||
|
||||
1. **接收请求**：App 扫描二维码后，将 `taskId` 和 `encrypted` 提交到平台
|
||||
2. **查询任务**：根据 `taskId` 查询任务记录，获取 `deviceLicenceId`
|
||||
3. **获取设备信息**：根据 `deviceLicenceId` 查询设备授权记录，获取 `licence` 和 `fingerprint`
|
||||
4. **密钥派生**：使用相同的 HKDF 参数派生 AES 密钥
|
||||
5. **解密数据**：使用 AES-256-GCM 解密（自动验证认证标签）
|
||||
6. **时间戳校验**：验证 `timestamp` 是否在合理范围内（防止重放攻击）
|
||||
7. **保存摘要**：将摘要信息保存到数据库
|
||||
|
||||
## 九、常见错误和注意事项
|
||||
|
||||
### 9.1 加密失败
|
||||
|
||||
**可能原因**：
|
||||
1. **密钥派生错误**：确保使用正确的 HKDF 参数
|
||||
- `ikm` = `licence + fingerprint`（直接字符串拼接）
|
||||
- `salt` = `taskId`（必须与任务二维码中的 taskId 一致）
|
||||
- `info` = `"inspection_report_encryption"`（固定值）
|
||||
- `length` = `32` 字节
|
||||
|
||||
2. **数据格式错误**：确保 JSON 格式正确
|
||||
- 字段名和类型必须匹配
|
||||
- 时间戳必须是数字类型（毫秒）
|
||||
|
||||
3. **IV 生成错误**：确保使用安全的随机数生成器生成 12 字节 IV
|
||||
|
||||
### 9.2 平台验证失败
|
||||
|
||||
**可能原因**：
|
||||
1. **taskId 不匹配**：确保二维码中的 `taskId` 与任务二维码中的 `taskId` 一致
|
||||
2. **密钥不匹配**：确保 `licence` 和 `fingerprint` 与平台绑定时一致
|
||||
3. **时间戳过期**：平台会验证时间戳，确保时间戳在合理范围内
|
||||
4. **认证标签验证失败**：数据被篡改或密钥错误
|
||||
|
||||
### 9.3 二维码生成失败
|
||||
|
||||
**可能原因**：
|
||||
1. **内容过长**：如果加密数据过长，可能需要更高版本的二维码
|
||||
2. **JSON 格式错误**：确保 JSON 格式正确
|
||||
3. **字符编码错误**：确保使用 UTF-8 编码
|
||||
|
||||
## 十、安全设计说明
|
||||
|
||||
### 10.1 为什么使用 HKDF
|
||||
|
||||
1. **密钥分离**：使用 `info` 参数区分不同用途的密钥
|
||||
2. **Salt 随机性**：使用 `taskId` 作为 salt，确保每个任务的密钥不同
|
||||
3. **密钥扩展**：HKDF 提供更好的密钥扩展性
|
||||
|
||||
### 10.2 为什么第三方无法伪造
|
||||
|
||||
1. **密钥绑定**：只有拥有正确 `licence + fingerprint` 的工具箱才能生成正确的密钥
|
||||
2. **任务绑定**：使用 `taskId` 作为 salt，确保密钥与特定任务绑定
|
||||
3. **认证加密**：GCM 模式提供认证加密，任何篡改都会导致解密失败
|
||||
4. **时间戳校验**：平台会验证时间戳，防止重放攻击
|
||||
|
||||
### 10.3 密钥派生参数的重要性
|
||||
|
||||
- **ikm**：`licence + fingerprint` 是设备唯一标识
|
||||
- **salt**：`taskId` 确保每个任务使用不同的密钥
|
||||
- **info**：`"inspection_report_encryption"` 区分不同用途的密钥
|
||||
- **length**：`32` 字节提供 256 位密钥强度
|
||||
|
||||
## 十一、测试建议
|
||||
|
||||
1. **单元测试**：
|
||||
- 测试密钥派生是否正确
|
||||
- 测试加密和解密是否匹配
|
||||
- 测试 JSON 格式是否正确
|
||||
|
||||
2. **集成测试**：
|
||||
- 使用真实任务数据生成二维码
|
||||
- App 扫描二维码并提交到平台
|
||||
- 验证平台是否能正确解密和验证
|
||||
|
||||
3. **边界测试**：
|
||||
- 测试超长的摘要信息
|
||||
- 测试特殊字符的处理
|
||||
- 测试错误的 taskId 是否会导致解密失败
|
||||
|
||||
## 十二、参考实现
|
||||
|
||||
- **Python**：`hkdf` 库（HKDF）、`cryptography` 库（AES-GCM）、`qrcode` 库（二维码生成）
|
||||
- **Java/Kotlin**：BouncyCastle（HKDF）、JDK `javax.crypto`（AES-GCM）、ZXing 库（二维码生成）
|
||||
- **C#**：BouncyCastle.Net（HKDF）、`System.Security.Cryptography`（AES-GCM）、ZXing.Net 库（二维码生成）
|
||||
|
||||
## 十三、联系支持
|
||||
|
||||
如有问题，请联系平台技术支持团队获取：
|
||||
- 测试环境地址
|
||||
- 技术支持
|
||||
|
||||
601
docs/工具箱端-授权对接指南/工具箱端-设备授权二维码生成指南.md
Normal file
601
docs/工具箱端-授权对接指南/工具箱端-设备授权二维码生成指南.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,601 @@
|
||||
# 工具箱端 - 设备授权二维码生成指南
|
||||
|
||||
## 概述
|
||||
|
||||
本文档说明工具箱端如何生成设备授权二维码，用于设备首次授权和绑定。App 扫描二维码后，会将加密的设备信息提交到平台完成授权校验和绑定。
|
||||
|
||||
> ### UX 集成模式补充（当前项目实现）
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 在当前集成模式中，工具箱不直接执行 RSA 加密，而是调用 UX 接口：
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 1. 工具箱先调用 `device.register` 传入 `licence` 与平台公钥，`fingerprint` 由 UX 本机计算并入库。
|
||||
> 2. 工具箱再调用 `crypto.encryptDeviceInfo` 获取加密后的 Base64 密文。
|
||||
> 3. 工具箱将该密文生成二维码供 App 扫码提交平台。
|
||||
|
||||
## 一、业务流程
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
工具箱 → 生成设备信息 → RSA-OAEP加密 → Base64编码 → 生成二维码
|
||||
↓
|
||||
App扫描二维码 → 提取加密数据 → 调用平台接口 → 平台解密验证 → 授权成功
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 二、设备信息准备
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.1 设备信息字段
|
||||
|
||||
工具箱需要准备以下设备信息：
|
||||
|
||||
| 字段名 | 类型 | 说明 | 示例 |
|
||||
|--------|------|------|------|
|
||||
| `licence` | String | 设备授权码（工具箱唯一标识） | `"LIC-8F2A-XXXX"` |
|
||||
| `fingerprint` | String | 设备硬件指纹（设备唯一标识） | `"FP-2c91e9f3"` |
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.2 生成设备信息 JSON
|
||||
|
||||
将设备信息组装成 JSON 格式：
|
||||
|
||||
```json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"licence": "LIC-8F2A-XXXX",
|
||||
"fingerprint": "FP-2c91e9f3"
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**重要说明**：
|
||||
- `licence` 和 `fingerprint` 必须是字符串类型
|
||||
- JSON 格式必须正确，不能有多余的逗号或格式错误
|
||||
- 建议使用标准的 JSON 库生成，避免手动拼接
|
||||
|
||||
**伪代码示例**：
|
||||
```python
|
||||
import json
|
||||
|
||||
device_info = {
|
||||
"licence": "LIC-8F2A-XXXX", # 工具箱授权码
|
||||
"fingerprint": "FP-2c91e9f3" # 设备硬件指纹
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# 转换为 JSON 字符串
|
||||
device_info_json = json.dumps(device_info, ensure_ascii=False)
|
||||
# 结果: {"licence":"LIC-8F2A-XXXX","fingerprint":"FP-2c91e9f3"}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 三、RSA-OAEP 加密
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.1 加密算法
|
||||
|
||||
使用 **RSA-OAEP** 非对称加密算法：
|
||||
|
||||
- **算法名称**：`RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA-256AndMGF1Padding`
|
||||
- **密钥长度**：2048 位（推荐）
|
||||
- **填充方式**：OAEP with SHA-256 and MGF1
|
||||
- **加密方向**：使用**平台公钥**加密，平台使用私钥解密
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.2 获取平台公钥
|
||||
|
||||
平台公钥需要从平台获取，通常以 **Base64 编码**的字符串形式提供。
|
||||
|
||||
**公钥格式**：
|
||||
- 格式：X.509 标准格式（DER 编码）
|
||||
- 存储：Base64 编码的字符串
|
||||
- 示例：`MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAzDlZvMDVaL+fjl05Hi182JOAUAaN4gh9rOF+1NhKfO4J6e0HLy8lBuylp3A4xoTiyUejNm22h0dqAgDSPnY/xZR76POFTD1soHr2LaFCN8JAbQ96P8gE7wC9qpoTssVvIVRH7QbVd260J6eD0Szwcx9cg591RSN69pMpe5IVRi8T99Hhql6/wnZHORPr18eESLOY93jRskLzc0q18r68RRoTJiQf+9YC8ub5iKp7rCjVnPi1UbIYmXmL08tk5mksYA0NqWQAa1ofKxx/9tQtB9uTjhTxuTu94XU9jlGU87qaHZs+kpqa8CAbYYJFbSP1xHwoZzpU2jpw2aF22HBYxwIDAQAB`
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.3 加密步骤
|
||||
|
||||
1. **加载平台公钥**：从 Base64 字符串加载公钥对象
|
||||
2. **初始化加密器**：使用 `RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA-256AndMGF1Padding` 算法
|
||||
3. **加密数据**：使用公钥加密设备信息 JSON 字符串（UTF-8 编码）
|
||||
4. **Base64 编码**：将加密后的字节数组进行 Base64 编码
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.4 Python 实现示例
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
import base64
|
||||
import json
|
||||
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
|
||||
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import padding
|
||||
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
|
||||
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
|
||||
|
||||
def encrypt_device_info(licence: str, fingerprint: str, platform_public_key_base64: str) -> str:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
使用平台公钥加密设备信息
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
licence: 设备授权码
|
||||
fingerprint: 设备硬件指纹
|
||||
platform_public_key_base64: 平台公钥（Base64编码）
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
Base64编码的加密数据
|
||||
"""
|
||||
# 1. 组装设备信息 JSON
|
||||
device_info = {
|
||||
"licence": licence,
|
||||
"fingerprint": fingerprint
|
||||
}
|
||||
device_info_json = json.dumps(device_info, ensure_ascii=False)
|
||||
|
||||
# 2. 加载平台公钥
|
||||
public_key_bytes = base64.b64decode(platform_public_key_base64)
|
||||
public_key = serialization.load_der_public_key(
|
||||
public_key_bytes,
|
||||
backend=default_backend()
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# 3. 使用 RSA-OAEP 加密
|
||||
# OAEP padding with SHA-256 and MGF1
|
||||
encrypted_bytes = public_key.encrypt(
|
||||
device_info_json.encode('utf-8'),
|
||||
padding.OAEP(
|
||||
mgf=padding.MGF1(algorithm=hashes.SHA256()),
|
||||
algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
|
||||
label=None
|
||||
)
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# 4. Base64 编码
|
||||
encrypted_base64 = base64.b64encode(encrypted_bytes).decode('utf-8')
|
||||
|
||||
return encrypted_base64
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.5 Java/Kotlin 实现示例
|
||||
|
||||
```kotlin
|
||||
import java.security.KeyFactory
|
||||
import java.security.PublicKey
|
||||
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec
|
||||
import java.util.Base64
|
||||
import javax.crypto.Cipher
|
||||
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets
|
||||
|
||||
object DeviceAuthorizationUtil {
|
||||
|
||||
private const val CIPHER_ALGORITHM = "RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA-256AndMGF1Padding"
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* 使用平台公钥加密设备信息
|
||||
*
|
||||
* @param licence 设备授权码
|
||||
* @param fingerprint 设备硬件指纹
|
||||
* @param platformPublicKeyBase64 平台公钥（Base64编码）
|
||||
* @return Base64编码的加密数据
|
||||
*/
|
||||
fun encryptDeviceInfo(
|
||||
licence: String,
|
||||
fingerprint: String,
|
||||
platformPublicKeyBase64: String
|
||||
): String {
|
||||
// 1. 组装设备信息 JSON
|
||||
val deviceInfo = mapOf(
|
||||
"licence" to licence,
|
||||
"fingerprint" to fingerprint
|
||||
)
|
||||
val deviceInfoJson = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(deviceInfo)
|
||||
|
||||
// 2. 加载平台公钥
|
||||
val publicKeyBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(platformPublicKeyBase64)
|
||||
val keySpec = X509EncodedKeySpec(publicKeyBytes)
|
||||
val keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA")
|
||||
val publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec)
|
||||
|
||||
// 3. 使用 RSA-OAEP 加密
|
||||
val cipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM)
|
||||
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey)
|
||||
val encryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(deviceInfoJson.toByteArray(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
|
||||
|
||||
// 4. Base64 编码
|
||||
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptedBytes)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.6 C# 实现示例
|
||||
|
||||
```csharp
|
||||
using System;
|
||||
using System.Security.Cryptography;
|
||||
using System.Text;
|
||||
using System.Text.Json;
|
||||
|
||||
public class DeviceAuthorizationUtil
|
||||
{
|
||||
private const string CipherAlgorithm = "RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA-256AndMGF1Padding";
|
||||
|
||||
/// <summary>
|
||||
/// 使用平台公钥加密设备信息
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
public static string EncryptDeviceInfo(
|
||||
string licence,
|
||||
string fingerprint,
|
||||
string platformPublicKeyBase64)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 1. 组装设备信息 JSON
|
||||
var deviceInfo = new
|
||||
{
|
||||
licence = licence,
|
||||
fingerprint = fingerprint
|
||||
};
|
||||
var deviceInfoJson = JsonSerializer.Serialize(deviceInfo);
|
||||
|
||||
// 2. 加载平台公钥
|
||||
var publicKeyBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(platformPublicKeyBase64);
|
||||
using var rsa = RSA.Create();
|
||||
rsa.ImportSubjectPublicKeyInfo(publicKeyBytes, out _);
|
||||
|
||||
// 3. 使用 RSA-OAEP 加密
|
||||
var encryptedBytes = rsa.Encrypt(
|
||||
Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceInfoJson),
|
||||
RSAEncryptionPadding.OaepSHA256
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
||||
// 4. Base64 编码
|
||||
return Convert.ToBase64String(encryptedBytes);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 四、生成二维码
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.1 二维码内容
|
||||
|
||||
二维码内容就是加密后的 **Base64 编码字符串**（不是 JSON 格式）。
|
||||
|
||||
**示例**：
|
||||
```
|
||||
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAzDlZvMDVaL+fjl05Hi182JOAUAaN4gh9rOF+1NhKfO4J6e0HLy8lBuylp3A4xoTiyUejNm22h0dqAgDSPnY/xZR76POFTD1soHr2LaFCN8JAbQ96P8gE7wC9qpoTssVvIVRH7QbVd260J6eD0Szwcx9cg591RSN69pMpe5IVRi8T99Hhql6/wnZHORPr18eESLOY93jRskLzc0q18r68RRoTJiQf+9YC8ub5iKp7rCjVnPi1UbIYmXmL08tk5mksYA0NqWQAa1ofKxx/9tQtB9uTjhTxuTu94XU9jlGU87qaHZs+kpqa8CAbYYJFbSP1xHwoZzpU2jpw2aF22HBYxwIDAQAB...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.2 二维码生成
|
||||
|
||||
使用标准的二维码生成库生成二维码图片。
|
||||
|
||||
**Python 示例（使用 qrcode 库）**：
|
||||
```python
|
||||
import qrcode
|
||||
from PIL import Image
|
||||
|
||||
def generate_qr_code(encrypted_data: str, output_path: str = "device_qr.png"):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
生成设备授权二维码
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
encrypted_data: Base64编码的加密数据
|
||||
output_path: 二维码图片保存路径
|
||||
"""
|
||||
qr = qrcode.QRCode(
|
||||
version=1, # 控制二维码大小（1-40）
|
||||
error_correction=qrcode.constants.ERROR_CORRECT_M, # 错误纠正级别
|
||||
box_size=10, # 每个小方块的像素数
|
||||
border=4, # 边框的厚度
|
||||
)
|
||||
qr.add_data(encrypted_data)
|
||||
qr.make(fit=True)
|
||||
|
||||
# 创建二维码图片
|
||||
img = qr.make_image(fill_color="black", back_color="white")
|
||||
img.save(output_path)
|
||||
|
||||
print(f"二维码已生成: {output_path}")
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Java/Kotlin 示例（使用 ZXing 库）**：
|
||||
```kotlin
|
||||
import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat
|
||||
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType
|
||||
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.QRCodeWriter
|
||||
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel
|
||||
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage
|
||||
import javax.imageio.ImageIO
|
||||
import java.io.File
|
||||
|
||||
fun generateQRCode(encryptedData: String, outputPath: String = "device_qr.png") {
|
||||
val hints = hashMapOf<EncodeHintType, Any>().apply {
|
||||
put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.M)
|
||||
put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8")
|
||||
put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
val writer = QRCodeWriter()
|
||||
val bitMatrix = writer.encode(encryptedData, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, 300, 300, hints)
|
||||
|
||||
val width = bitMatrix.width
|
||||
val height = bitMatrix.height
|
||||
val image = BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB)
|
||||
|
||||
for (x in 0 until width) {
|
||||
for (y in 0 until height) {
|
||||
image.setRGB(x, y, if (bitMatrix[x, y]) 0x000000 else 0xFFFFFF)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
ImageIO.write(image, "PNG", File(outputPath))
|
||||
println("二维码已生成: $outputPath")
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 五、完整流程示例
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.1 Python 完整示例
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
import json
|
||||
import base64
|
||||
import qrcode
|
||||
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
|
||||
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import padding
|
||||
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
|
||||
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
|
||||
|
||||
def generate_device_authorization_qr(
|
||||
licence: str,
|
||||
fingerprint: str,
|
||||
platform_public_key_base64: str,
|
||||
qr_output_path: str = "device_qr.png"
|
||||
) -> str:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
生成设备授权二维码
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
licence: 设备授权码
|
||||
fingerprint: 设备硬件指纹
|
||||
platform_public_key_base64: 平台公钥（Base64编码）
|
||||
qr_output_path: 二维码图片保存路径
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
加密后的Base64字符串（二维码内容）
|
||||
"""
|
||||
# 1. 组装设备信息 JSON
|
||||
device_info = {
|
||||
"licence": licence,
|
||||
"fingerprint": fingerprint
|
||||
}
|
||||
device_info_json = json.dumps(device_info, ensure_ascii=False)
|
||||
print(f"设备信息 JSON: {device_info_json}")
|
||||
|
||||
# 2. 加载平台公钥
|
||||
public_key_bytes = base64.b64decode(platform_public_key_base64)
|
||||
public_key = serialization.load_der_public_key(
|
||||
public_key_bytes,
|
||||
backend=default_backend()
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# 3. 使用 RSA-OAEP 加密
|
||||
encrypted_bytes = public_key.encrypt(
|
||||
device_info_json.encode('utf-8'),
|
||||
padding.OAEP(
|
||||
mgf=padding.MGF1(algorithm=hashes.SHA256()),
|
||||
algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
|
||||
label=None
|
||||
)
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# 4. Base64 编码
|
||||
encrypted_base64 = base64.b64encode(encrypted_bytes).decode('utf-8')
|
||||
print(f"加密后的 Base64: {encrypted_base64[:100]}...") # 只显示前100个字符
|
||||
|
||||
# 5. 生成二维码
|
||||
qr = qrcode.QRCode(
|
||||
version=1,
|
||||
error_correction=qrcode.constants.ERROR_CORRECT_M,
|
||||
box_size=10,
|
||||
border=4,
|
||||
)
|
||||
qr.add_data(encrypted_base64)
|
||||
qr.make(fit=True)
|
||||
|
||||
img = qr.make_image(fill_color="black", back_color="white")
|
||||
img.save(qr_output_path)
|
||||
print(f"二维码已生成: {qr_output_path}")
|
||||
|
||||
return encrypted_base64
|
||||
|
||||
# 使用示例
|
||||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
# 平台公钥（示例，实际使用时需要从平台获取）
|
||||
platform_public_key = "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAzDlZvMDVaL+fjl05Hi182JOAUAaN4gh9rOF+1NhKfO4J6e0HLy8lBuylp3A4xoTiyUejNm22h0dqAgDSPnY/xZR76POFTD1soHr2LaFCN8JAbQ96P8gE7wC9qpoTssVvIVRH7QbVd260J6eD0Szwcx9cg591RSN69pMpe5IVRi8T99Hhql6/wnZHORPr18eESLOY93jRskLzc0q18r68RRoTJiQf+9YC8ub5iKp7rCjVnPi1UbIYmXmL08tk5mksYA0NqWQAa1ofKxx/9tQtB9uTjhTxuTu94XU9jlGU87qaHZs+kpqa8CAbYYJFbSP1xHwoZzpU2jpw2aF22HBYxwIDAQAB"
|
||||
|
||||
# 设备信息
|
||||
licence = "LIC-8F2A-XXXX"
|
||||
fingerprint = "FP-2c91e9f3"
|
||||
|
||||
# 生成二维码
|
||||
encrypted_data = generate_device_authorization_qr(
|
||||
licence=licence,
|
||||
fingerprint=fingerprint,
|
||||
platform_public_key_base64=platform_public_key,
|
||||
qr_output_path="device_authorization_qr.png"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
print(f"\n二维码内容（加密后的Base64）:\n{encrypted_data}")
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.2 Java/Kotlin 完整示例
|
||||
|
||||
```kotlin
|
||||
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper
|
||||
import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat
|
||||
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType
|
||||
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.QRCodeWriter
|
||||
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel
|
||||
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage
|
||||
import java.security.KeyFactory
|
||||
import java.security.PublicKey
|
||||
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec
|
||||
import java.util.Base64
|
||||
import javax.crypto.Cipher
|
||||
import javax.imageio.ImageIO
|
||||
import java.io.File
|
||||
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets
|
||||
|
||||
object DeviceAuthorizationQRGenerator {
|
||||
|
||||
private const val CIPHER_ALGORITHM = "RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA-256AndMGF1Padding"
|
||||
private val objectMapper = ObjectMapper()
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* 生成设备授权二维码
|
||||
*/
|
||||
fun generateDeviceAuthorizationQR(
|
||||
licence: String,
|
||||
fingerprint: String,
|
||||
platformPublicKeyBase64: String,
|
||||
qrOutputPath: String = "device_qr.png"
|
||||
): String {
|
||||
// 1. 组装设备信息 JSON
|
||||
val deviceInfo = mapOf(
|
||||
"licence" to licence,
|
||||
"fingerprint" to fingerprint
|
||||
)
|
||||
val deviceInfoJson = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(deviceInfo)
|
||||
println("设备信息 JSON: $deviceInfoJson")
|
||||
|
||||
// 2. 加载平台公钥
|
||||
val publicKeyBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(platformPublicKeyBase64)
|
||||
val keySpec = X509EncodedKeySpec(publicKeyBytes)
|
||||
val keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA")
|
||||
val publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec)
|
||||
|
||||
// 3. 使用 RSA-OAEP 加密
|
||||
val cipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM)
|
||||
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey)
|
||||
val encryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(deviceInfoJson.toByteArray(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
|
||||
|
||||
// 4. Base64 编码
|
||||
val encryptedBase64 = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptedBytes)
|
||||
println("加密后的 Base64: ${encryptedBase64.take(100)}...")
|
||||
|
||||
// 5. 生成二维码
|
||||
val hints = hashMapOf<EncodeHintType, Any>().apply {
|
||||
put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.M)
|
||||
put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8")
|
||||
put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
val writer = QRCodeWriter()
|
||||
val bitMatrix = writer.encode(encryptedBase64, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, 300, 300, hints)
|
||||
|
||||
val width = bitMatrix.width
|
||||
val height = bitMatrix.height
|
||||
val image = BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB)
|
||||
|
||||
for (x in 0 until width) {
|
||||
for (y in 0 until height) {
|
||||
image.setRGB(x, y, if (bitMatrix[x, y]) 0x000000 else 0xFFFFFF)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
ImageIO.write(image, "PNG", File(qrOutputPath))
|
||||
println("二维码已生成: $qrOutputPath")
|
||||
|
||||
return encryptedBase64
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 使用示例
|
||||
fun main() {
|
||||
// 平台公钥（示例，实际使用时需要从平台获取）
|
||||
val platformPublicKey = "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAzDlZvMDVaL+fjl05Hi182JOAUAaN4gh9rOF+1NhKfO4J6e0HLy8lBuylp3A4xoTiyUejNm22h0dqAgDSPnY/xZR76POFTD1soHr2LaFCN8JAbQ96P8gE7wC9qpoTssVvIVRH7QbVd260J6eD0Szwcx9cg591RSN69pMpe5IVRi8T99Hhql6/wnZHORPr18eESLOY93jRskLzc0q18r68RRoTJiQf+9YC8ub5iKp7rCjVnPi1UbIYmXmL08tk5mksYA0NqWQAa1ofKxx/9tQtB9uTjhTxuTu94XU9jlGU87qaHZs+kpqa8CAbYYJFbSP1xHwoZzpU2jpw2aF22HBYxwIDAQAB"
|
||||
|
||||
// 设备信息
|
||||
val licence = "LIC-8F2A-XXXX"
|
||||
val fingerprint = "FP-2c91e9f3"
|
||||
|
||||
// 生成二维码
|
||||
val encryptedData = DeviceAuthorizationQRGenerator.generateDeviceAuthorizationQR(
|
||||
licence = licence,
|
||||
fingerprint = fingerprint,
|
||||
platformPublicKeyBase64 = platformPublicKey,
|
||||
qrOutputPath = "device_authorization_qr.png"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
println("\n二维码内容（加密后的Base64）:\n$encryptedData")
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 六、平台端验证流程
|
||||
|
||||
平台端会按以下流程验证：
|
||||
|
||||
1. **接收请求**：App 扫描二维码后，将 `encryptedDeviceInfo` 和 `appid` 提交到平台
|
||||
2. **RSA-OAEP 解密**：使用平台私钥解密 `encryptedDeviceInfo`
|
||||
3. **提取设备信息**：从解密后的 JSON 中提取 `licence` 和 `fingerprint`
|
||||
4. **设备验证**：
|
||||
- 检查 `filing_device_licence` 表中是否存在该 `licence`
|
||||
- 如果存在，验证 `fingerprint` 是否匹配
|
||||
- 如果 `fingerprint` 不匹配，记录非法授权日志并返回错误
|
||||
5. **App 绑定**：检查 `filing_app_licence` 表中是否存在绑定关系
|
||||
- 如果不存在，创建新的绑定记录
|
||||
- 如果已存在，返回已绑定信息
|
||||
6. **返回响应**：返回 `deviceLicenceId` 和 `licence`
|
||||
|
||||
## 七、常见错误和注意事项
|
||||
|
||||
### 7.1 加密失败
|
||||
|
||||
**可能原因**：
|
||||
1. **公钥格式错误**：确保使用正确的 Base64 编码的公钥
|
||||
2. **算法不匹配**：必须使用 `RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA-256AndMGF1Padding`
|
||||
3. **数据长度超限**：RSA-2048 最多加密 245 字节（设备信息 JSON 通常不会超过）
|
||||
4. **字符编码错误**：确保使用 UTF-8 编码
|
||||
|
||||
### 7.2 二维码扫描失败
|
||||
|
||||
**可能原因**：
|
||||
1. **二维码内容过长**：如果加密后的数据过长，可能需要使用更高版本的二维码（version）
|
||||
2. **错误纠正级别过低**：建议使用 `ERROR_CORRECT_M` 或更高
|
||||
3. **二维码图片质量差**：确保二维码图片清晰，有足够的对比度
|
||||
|
||||
### 7.3 平台验证失败
|
||||
|
||||
**可能原因**：
|
||||
1. **licence 已存在但 fingerprint 不匹配**：设备被替换或授权码被复用
|
||||
2. **JSON 格式错误**：确保 JSON 格式正确，字段名和类型匹配
|
||||
3. **加密数据损坏**：确保 Base64 编码和解码正确
|
||||
|
||||
## 八、安全设计说明
|
||||
|
||||
### 8.1 为什么使用 RSA-OAEP
|
||||
|
||||
1. **非对称加密**：只有平台拥有私钥，可以解密数据
|
||||
2. **OAEP 填充**：提供更好的安全性，防止某些攻击
|
||||
3. **SHA-256**：使用强哈希算法，提供更好的安全性
|
||||
|
||||
### 8.2 为什么第三方无法伪造
|
||||
|
||||
1. **只有平台能解密**：第三方无法获取平台私钥，无法解密数据
|
||||
2. **fingerprint 验证**：平台会验证硬件指纹，防止授权码被复用
|
||||
3. **非法授权日志**：平台会记录所有非法授权尝试
|
||||
|
||||
## 九、测试建议
|
||||
|
||||
1. **单元测试**：
|
||||
- 测试 JSON 生成是否正确
|
||||
- 测试加密和解密是否匹配
|
||||
- 测试 Base64 编码和解码是否正确
|
||||
|
||||
2. **集成测试**：
|
||||
- 使用真实平台公钥生成二维码
|
||||
- App 扫描二维码并提交到平台
|
||||
- 验证平台是否能正确解密和验证
|
||||
|
||||
3. **边界测试**：
|
||||
- 测试超长的 licence 或 fingerprint
|
||||
- 测试特殊字符的处理
|
||||
- 测试错误的公钥格式
|
||||
|
||||
## 十、参考实现
|
||||
|
||||
- **Python**：`cryptography` 库（RSA 加密）、`qrcode` 库（二维码生成）
|
||||
- **Java/Kotlin**：JDK `javax.crypto`（RSA 加密）、ZXing 库（二维码生成）
|
||||
- **C#**：`System.Security.Cryptography`（RSA 加密）、ZXing.Net 库（二维码生成）
|
||||
|
||||
## 十一、联系支持
|
||||
|
||||
如有问题，请联系平台技术支持团队获取：
|
||||
- 平台公钥（Base64 编码）
|
||||
- 测试环境地址
|
||||
- 技术支持
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user